湖南水稻品种审定回顾与展望

Retrospect and Prospect of Rice Varieties Identification in Hunan

统计了从1985年以来湖南省水稻品种审定历年数据,回顾了湖南水稻品种审定历史,旨在为湖南水稻品种审定制度的完善及水稻新品种培育提供参考。至2016年,湖南水稻种植总面积缩减3.79%,稻谷总产量增加11.27%,单位面积产量增加15.65%。新品种审定考察指标从4项逐渐增加至25项。34 a时间共审定品种716个(不含不育系),其中常规稻110个,三系杂交稻347个,两系杂交稻259个;平均产量从1985年6.80 t/hm^2上升到2018年9.02 t/hm^2;审定优质稻品种58个,占审定总数的8.1%,其中一等优质稻5个;稻瘟病抗性由2007年的6.66级降低到2018年的3.92级,白叶枯病病抗性由5.0级上升到5.6级,而稻曲病抗性提升不显著。就品种审定模式而言,企业独立审定和科企合作审定品种所占比例迅速增加,科研院所独立审定品种占比持续下降,商业化育种逐步形成。构建科学完善的品种审定制度,加强种业企业与公益性育种单位的合作,充分评价和利用湖南水稻遗传资源,积极鼓励育种新材料及新理论的创新应用,在保障水稻产量的前提下,提高水稻品质和综合抗性,是保障湖南水稻产业持续健康发展的必要途径。

Hunan is a major rice producing province in China,and it is the province that implemented the crop variety examination system earlier in China.On the occasion of the 3rd anniversary of the revision of the Seed Law,the data of rice variety certification in Hunan Province since 1985 were counted and the history of rice variety certification in Hunan Province was reviewed in order to provide reference for the improvement of rice variety certification system and the cultivation of new rice varieties in Hunan Province.By 2016,the total area of rice planting in Hunan had decreased by 3.79%,the total yield of rice had increased by 11.27%,and the yield per unit area had increased by 15.65%.The evaluation index of new varieties gradually increased from 4 to 25.There were 716 certified varieties(excluding male sterile lines)in 34 years,including 110 conventional rice,347 three-line hybrid rice and 259 two-line hybrid rice.The average yield increased from 6.8 t/ha in 1985 to 9.02 t/ha in 2018;58 certified high-quality rice varieties accounted for 8.1%of the total,of which 5 were first-class high-quality rice;blast resistance decreased from scale 6.66 in 2007 to 3.92 in 2018;and bacterial blight resistance increased from scale 5.0 in 2007 to 5.6 in 2018,but the resistance to false smut did not increase significantly.As far as the model of variety certification is concerned,the proportion of varieties independently approved by enterprises and jointly approved by science and technology enterprises has increased rapidly,the proportion of varieties independently approved by scientific research institutes has continued to decline,and commercial breeding has gradually taken shape.It is a necessary way to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of rice industry in Hunan Province to establish a scientific and perfect system for variety examination and approval,strengthen cooperation between seed enterprises and public welfare breeding units,fully evaluate and utilize rice genetic resources in Hunan Province,actively encourage innovative application of new breeding materials and theories,and improve rice quality and comprehensive resistance on the premise of ensuring rice yield.