东京市中心与外围商业区语言景观差异

Linguistic Landscape Differences Between Downtown and Peripheral Business District of Tokyo

语言景观看似凌乱无章,实际上却能真实反映城市的语言政策、意识形态和价值观念。本文以国际化大都市东京为对象,依托SPEAKING交际模型,对东京市中心商业区银座和外围商业区赤羽的语言景观进行了对比分析,旨在探寻纷繁复杂的语言景观背后,造成其形成与分化的影响因素。研究发现,两地区非官方设立标牌都多于官方,且银座兼有语码数量多,组合样式丰富的特点。纵观整体,两地区更是风格迥异,银座高端前卫,赤羽平淡质朴。两个地区的差异与其各自履行的职能相互呼应:赤羽重在为本地居民服务;银座兼有接待国际游客和彰显国家文化底蕴的职能。语言景观在形成、分化之时,区域职能与传递需求的影响显著,而政府在管理时也需有紧有松,张弛有度。

The linguistic landscape seems to be chaotic,but it can also truly reflect the city’s language policy,ideology and values. Taking Tokyo,one of the world’s most economically developed and wealthy cities,as the researching object,and based on the SPEAKING communication model,a comparative analysis of the linguistic landscape of "Ginza"in downtown Tokyo and "Akabane",the peripheral business district of Tokyo is made,aiming to explore factors that affect the formation and differentiation of linguistic landscape. The results show that there are more unofficial signs in both two regions than the official ones,and Ginza has a larger number of codes and a various combination. The style of the two landscapes is also different: signs in Ginza have a high-end and avant-garde sense,while signs in Akabane are usually plain and simple. The differences are closely related to the respective functions performed by the two regions: Akabane focuses on serving the local residents,while Ginza has both functions of receiving international tourists and highlighting the cultural ethos of the country. Therefore,the influence of regional functions and transmission needs is significant in the formation and differentiation of language landscape,and at the same time the management from government needs to keep balance.