服务外包对中国制造业出口复杂度影响的研究

Impacts of Service Outsourcing on Export Sophistication of China’s Manufacturing Industries

随着全球价值链分工的演进与发展,服务外包使研发、金融、信息、设计等服务价值内嵌到出口制成品中,推动了本国产品出口复杂度的提升。本文运用2005-2014年中国制造业面板数据探讨服务外包对中国制造业出口复杂度的影响,得出以下实证结论:(1)服务外包对中国制造业出口复杂度的影响呈现出先下降后上升的U型关系。当服务外包率处于低端水平时,容易被锁定在全球价值链的低端环节,不利于中国制造业出口复杂度的提升。当服务外包率超过一定阈值之后,服务外包能够显著促进出口复杂度的提升,实现技术升级;(2)从服务外包异质性的角度来看,知识流程外包对中国制造业出口复杂度的影响高于信息技术流程外包和业务流程外包;(3)从制造业分行业来看,服务外包对高技术制造业出口复杂度的影响高于中技术制造业和低技术制造业;(4)研发强度和人力资本对中国制造业出口复杂度产生了正向的影响,过高的行业开放程度和管理成本不利于出口复杂度的提升。最后,本文提出了加快推进制造业出口服务化、规范服务外包管理、加快人才培养和技术创新等政策建议。

With the evolution and development of global value chains,the service value including R&D,finance,information and design is embedded in the final manufactured goods through service outsourcing,which promotes the export sophistication of domestic products. The impacts of service outsourcing on export sophistication are empirically investigated by using panel data of China’s manufacturing sectors in 2005 ~ 2014.The conclusions are as follows.( 1) The impact of service outsourcing on China ’s export sophistication in manufacturing sectors presents a U-shaped relationship that first declines and then rises. When service outsourcing is at the low level,it is easy to be "locked"in the low-end link of the global value chain,which is not conducive to the improvement of export sophistication. When service outsourcing exceeds a certain threshold,it can significantly promote export sophistication and achieve technology upgrade.( 2) From the perspective of service outsourcing heterogeneity,the impact of KPO( knowledge process outsourcing) on export sophistication is higher than ITO( information technology outsourcing) and BPO( business process outsourcing).( 3) The impact of service outsourcing on export sophistication of high-tech manufacturing sectors is higher than that of mediumtech manufacturing and low-tech manufacturing sectors.( 4) R&D intensity and human capital has a positive impact on China ’s export sophistication in manufacturing sectors,while excessive industry openness and management costs are not conducive to the promotion of export sophistication. Finally,countermeasures are proposed such as accelerating export servitization of manufacturing industry,standardizing service outsourcing management and strengthening talents training and technological innovation.