法院解释条约的原理与中国机制的构建

Principles for Court to Interpret Treaty and Construction of Chinese Mechanism

条约是公认的国际法,许多国家在司法实践中都将条约作为法院裁判案件的适用依据。但在我国,宪法并未规定条约在其中的地位,条约主要是立法转化适用而不是吸纳适用,其也不是行政诉讼案件的适用和参照依据。因此,有必要构建法院解释条约的机制,明确法院解释条约发生的条件,同时建立参照条约的个案解释方法,法院在个案审理中可以直接以非人权条约为适用依据来裁判案件,援引人权条约或者参照条约进行论证和说明理由。

Treaties are recognized as international law.In judicial practice in many countries,treaties are used as the basis for the application of court decisions.In our country,the Constitution does not stipulate the status of treaties in the Constitution.The treaties are mainly applied by legislation instead of absorption.There is no practice of applying and interpreting international human rights conventions in administrative litigation and other litigation.The treaties are not the basis of application and reference in administrative litigation cases.Therefore,it is necessary to build a mechanism for the court to interpret treaties:first,it should be clear that the conditions for the court to interpret treaties are the combination of direct application and indirect application of treaties;secondly,the court should establish a method of case interpretation by referring to treaties,in which the court invokes human rights treaties or refers to treaties for demonstration and justification.