基于东道国因素的我国企业国际化研发网络节点选择

Analysis on Chinese enterprises’ node selection of international R&D network based on the host country factor

在经济全球化的背景下,我国企业要保持竞争力并且实现对发达国家企业的技术赶超成为具有国际影响力的跨国公司,必须进行国际化研发。目前,以华为、中兴和长安为代表的跨国企业尝试构建国际化研发网络,先后在发达国家设立技术研发中心。然而,国际化研发作为知识和资本密集型投资对共担风险和知识独占有着双重需求,加之我国与发达国家之间存在技术落差、文化兼容和政策激励差异等不确定性因素,导致我国企业国际化研发选址同时面临外来者劣势、来源国劣势和新兴者劣势。本研究运用二元选择模型,分析东道国因素对我国企业国际化研发网络节点选择的影响。结果表明:市场规模、制度质量和我国企业在东道国形成的集聚效应对企业的国际化研发网络节点选择有显著的吸引作用,而研发投入积极影响企业研发网络节点选择,但是作用不显著。此外,集聚效应在其中起着显著的调节作用,我国企业在东道国的集聚效应越高,市场规模与国际化研发网络节点的正向关系得到加强,而研发投入与国际化研发网络节点选择的正向关系得到减弱。

In the context of globalization, Chinese enterprises must maintain international competitiveness through achieving technological breakthroughs.At present, Chinese multinational corporations are trying to build an international R&D network and set up technology R&D centers in developed countries. However, international research and development as a knowledge and capital intensive investment has a dual need for sharing risks and knowledge monopoly. In addition, there are uncertainties such as technological gap,cultural compatibility and policy incentive differences between China and developed countries, leading to Chinese enterprises internationally. The choice of R&D network nodes faces both external disadvantages, source country disadvantages and emerging disadvantages. This study uses the binary selection model to analyze the impact of host country factors on the choice of nodes in the international R&D network of Chinese enterprises. The results show that market size, institutional quality, and the agglomeration effect of Chinese enterprises in host countries have a significant effect on the selection of international R&D network nodes, while R&D investment positively affects the choice of R&D network nodes, but the effect is not significant. In addition,the agglomeration effect plays a significant role in regulation, he higher the agglomeration effect of Chinese enterprises in the host country, the positive relationship between market size and international R&D network nodes strengthens, and the positive relationship between R&D investment and international R&D network node selection weakens.