气候×基因型×水分管理对河北平原冬小麦产量和WUE的影响

Effect of climate, genotype, and water management on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in Hebei Plain

冬小麦是华北平原的主要作物,其生长受气候等环境因子和品种、管理措施等因素的共同影响。为了研究气候×基因型×水分管理互作对河北平原冬小麦产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响,以‘科农2009’‘藁优2018’和‘师栾02-1’3个该区域主栽冬小麦品种为材料,于20182019年沿北纬38°带,选择河北平原冬小麦主产区的4个典型试验站点(衡水、南皮、栾城、南大港)进行了不同水分管理(雨养、灌溉)的大田试验。结果表明:在灌溉条件下,衡水、南皮、栾城和南大港的小麦产量分别为6316.7 kg·hm^-2、5204.1 kg·hm^-2、4356.5 kg·hm^-2和2597.7 kg·hm^-2,WUE分别为1.62 kg·m^-3、1.72 kg·m^-3、1.36 kg·m^-3和1.08 kg·m^-3;在雨养条件下,南皮、栾城、衡水和南大港的小麦产量分别为2644.4 kg·hm^-2、2602.8 kg·hm^-2、2422.3 kg·hm^-2影响1784.3 kg·hm^-2,WUE分别为1.13 kg·m^-3、1.10 kg·m^-3、1.18 kg·m^-3和1.01 kg·m^-3。统计分析表明,穗数是影响产量的最主要因素,气候×水分管理互作对产量和WUE均有极显著影响(P<0.01),气候×基因型×水分管理互作对WUE有显著影响(P<0.05);水分是影响产量和WUE的最重要因素。综合产量、耗水和WUE分析,在降水量偏少的年份,南皮在4个试验站点中冬小麦耗水量较少、WUE最高、产量较高。分蘖能力强的小麦品种是适宜该区域种植的潜力品种类型。

Winter wheat is the main crop in the North China Plain,and its growth is affected by weather,varieties,and management measures.Many scholars have conducted extensive research on the mechanism of winter wheat growth,but most of these studies focused on a single factor.Moreover,research was mostly conducted at the regional scale,with few studies being conducted in areas at the same latitude.To investigate the effects of weather,genotype,and water management interaction on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency(WUE),field experiments were conducted at four typical experimental sites(Hengshui,Nanpi,Luancheng and Nandagang)in the Hebei Plain in the 38°north latitude zone from 2018 to 2019.Three winter wheat varieties‘KN2009’,‘GY2018’and‘SL02-1’and two water management levels—irrigation and rain-fed treatments—were used at all four sites.The soil water content was measured at 20 cm intervals in the 1.6 m soil profile before sowing and after harvest.Grain yield and yield components were also measured.Weather factors were collected from a nearby weather station 200-500 m from the experimental sites.Under irrigation conditions,grain yield was 6316.7 kg·hm^-2,5204.1 kg·hm^-2,4356.5 kg·hm^-2,and 2597.7 kg·hm^-2,respectively;WUE was 1.62 kg·m^-3,1.72 kg·m^-3,1.36 kg·m^-3,and 1.08 kg·m^-3,respectively;irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)was 1.62 kg·m^-3,3.20 kg·m^-3,2.19 kg·m^-3,and 1.02 kg·m^-3,respectively,at Hengshui,Nanpi,Luancheng and Nandagang sites.Under rain-fed conditions,grain yield at Nanpi,Luancheng,Hengshui and Nandagang was 2644.4 kg·hm^-2,2602.8 kg·hm^-2,2422.3 kg·hm^-2,and 1784.3 kg·hm^-2,respectively;WUE was 1.13 kg·m^-3,1.10 kg·m^-3,1.18 kg·m^-3,and 1.01 kg·m^-3,respectively.Grain yield differed significantly among the four sites,while no significant difference was noted among varieties.With regard to WUE,trends differed between the irrigation and rain-fed treatments.The WUE of different sites under irrigation conditions differed significantly,while there were no significant differences among varieties.The WUE of different sites under rain-fed conditions did not differ significantly,while WUE differed to some extent among varieties.Statistical analysis of results for grain yield and yield components revealed that the number of spikes was the most important factor affecting yield,while the effects of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight on yield were inconsistent with different sites,varieties,and water conditions.Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the interaction of weather factors and water management had a highly significant effect on yield and WUE(P<0.01),while weather factors,genotype,and water management had a significant effect on WUE(P<0.05).Thus,the effects of climate conditions and management measures on winter wheat yield,water consumption,and WUE were significantly greater than those of variety,and water factor was the influential factor on yield and WUE.Based on comprehensive yield,water consumption,and WUE analysis,Nanpi had relatively high grain yield with low water consumption and relatively high WUE.Wheat varieties with strong tillering ability were potentially suitable for planting in this region.