高糖下神经元及星形胶质细胞变化导致脑葡萄糖代谢改变研究进展

Research progresses on brain glucose metabolism induced by changes of neurons and astrocytes under hyperglycemia

糖尿病为临床常见代谢性疾病,可影响心脑血管、眼、肾等多种脏器。糖尿病相关认知减退临床表现隐匿,诊断困难。18 F-FDG PET/CT具有早期识别代谢变化的能力,广泛用于诊断神经系统疾病,可评估糖尿病患者脑葡萄糖代谢异常改变。神经元和星形胶质细胞与脑葡萄糖代谢紧密相关,其数量、功能及代谢活性等异常改变可致糖尿病认知功能减退。本文对高糖环境神经元及星形胶质细胞代谢改变对脑葡萄糖代谢的影响进行综述,分析糖尿病脑葡萄糖代谢改变的原因,以期为诊断糖尿病相关神经系统疾病提供理论依据。

Diabetes is a common clinical metabolic disease,which can affect cardiovacular,cerebrovascular,eye,kidney and other organs,among which the clinical manifestations of diabetes-associated cognitive decline are not obvious and difficult to diagnose.18 F-FDG PET/CT has the ability to early identify metabolic changes and is widely used to diagnose neurological diseases,also can be used to evaluate abnormal brain glucose metabolism in diabetic patients.Neurons and astrocytes are closely related to brain glucose metabolism,and abnormal changes of cell number,function and metabolic activity may lead to cognitive decline in diabetes.The effects of abnormal changes of neuronal and astrocytes under hyperglycemia on cerebral glucose metabolism were reviewed,and the causes of brain glucose metabolism changed in diabetic were analyzed in this article,in order to provide theoretical basis for diagnosing diabetes-related neurological diseases.