四川雅安引进油茶品种含油率及茶油品质分析

Oil Content and Tea Oil Quality Analysis of Four Introduced Camellia Oleifera Varieties in Yaan Sichuan

对四川雅安引进4个‘长林’系列油茶品种单位冠幅产量及含油率和茶油酸值、过氧化值、脂肪酸组成及相对含量、α-生育酚含量、角鲨烯含量和多酚含量进行测定,并采用主成分分析评价4个品种综合表现。结果表明:4个品种单位冠幅产量为1.84~2.49 kg/m^2,均高于其选育原产地;含油率为48.43%~51.39%(>45.00%)均达到了国家油茶树种选育优树标准;酸值为1.455~2.174 mg/g,达到茶油国标二级质量标准,过氧化值为0.017~0.031 g/100 g符合国标一级质量标准;不饱和脂肪酸含量达89.01%~91.14%,饱和脂肪酸含量为8.86%~10.99%;α-生育酚含量为165.59~266.57μg/g,各品种间差异显著;角鲨烯含量为23.06~28.68μg/g,各品种间差异较小;多酚含量为16.96~45.59μg/g,长林17号和20号最少且差异不显著;4个品种均适宜在雅安种植推广,其中长林56号综合表现最好。

The present study measured and determined the unit crown yield, oil content, tea oleic acid value, peroxide value fatty acid composition and its relevant contents, α-tocopherol content, squalene content and polyphenol content of the four ‘Changlin’ varieties of Camellia Oleifera(‘Changlin 17’, ‘Changlin 20’, ‘Changlin 40’ and ‘Changlin 56’) introduced in Yaan, Sichuan, and evaluated the general quality of these four varieties by principal component analysis(PCA). The results showed that the unit crown yield of these four C. oleifera varieties was 1.84~2.49 kg/m^2, which was higher than that of their breeding place;the oil contents were 48.43%~51.39%(>45.00%) that all met the national standard for selection of superior trees of C. oleifera;the contents of fatty acid value and peroxide value were 1.455~2.174 mg/g and 0.017~0.031 g/100 g, respectively, which were in line with the second-level national quality standard for tea oil and first-level national quality standard;the contents of unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid were 89.01%~91.14% and 8.86%~10.99%, respectively;the α-tocopherol content was 165.59~266.57 μg/g, with significant differences among these four varieties;the squalene content was 23.06~28.68 μg/g, with small differences among these four varieties;the polyphenol content was 16.96~45.59 μg/g, and ‘Changlin 17’ and ‘Changlin 20’ had lower levels among these four C. oleifera varieties and the difference was not significant. In conclusion, these four varieties were suitable for cultivation and promotion in Ya’an, and C. oleifera ‘Changlin 56’ exhibited the best quality.