清代中央对川西北土司政策及其转变

The Central Government’s Policy of Chieftain in Northwest Sichuan and Its Transformation in Qing Dynasty

满清入关建立政权后,鉴于川西北地区局势复杂,在短期内不便在此采取过于强硬的政策,为稳定川边,统治者沿袭了明代的土司制度。随着中央政权对川边统治的深入,被动的局面被打破,中央对川西北地区的土司政策也由“绥远安抚”调整为限制土司势力并逐渐改土归流。有清一代,政府对川西北土司政策的转变除土司威胁中央统治这一直接原因以外,还有许多因素的影响,最终导致了中央施政方针的转变。本文拟就清中央对川西北土司政策的转变及原因、影响作一探讨。

After the Qing army entered the customs and established the political power,it was inconvenient to take too tough policy in the short term in view of the complex situation in the northwest of Sichuan.In order to stabilize the border of Sichuan,the Qing Central Committee followed the chieftain system of the Ming Dynasty.With the deepening of the central government′s rule over the border of Sichuan,the passive situation has been broken.The central government′s policy of chieftain in the northwest of Sichuan has also been changed from"appeasement by Suiyuan"to restricting the chieftain′s power and gradually changing the policy of chieftain′s return to the native land.In the Qing Dynasty,in addition to the direct reason that chieftains threatened the central government,there were many factors that influenced the change of chieftain policy in the West and north of Sichuan,which eventually led to the change of the central policy.This paper discusses the change of chieftain policy of the central government of Qing Dynasty in Northwest Sichuan and its reasons and influences.