由“物理”至“性理”——论张载的“见闻之知”与“德性所知”

From “Physics” to “Virtue Theory” ——Zhangzai’s “Knowledge of Seeing and Hearing” and His “Knowledge of Virtue”

中国虽然缺乏知识论传统,但并不意味着中国没有知识论思想。张载关于“见闻之知”的思想涉及一系列与知识论有关的问题,如外物、认识主体如何认识客体等问题,但是张载又从物我对立的伦理角度贬低“见闻之知”转而倡导物我合一的“德性所知”,提出从“见闻之知”进展到“德性所知”的修养工夫,并探讨了与“德性所知”有关的一系列问题。

Although China lacks the tradition of epistemology,it does not mean that there is no epistemology in China.Zhangzai’s ideas about the“knowledge of seeing and hearing”involves a series of problems related to the theory of knowledge:external things,understanding the subject how to realize knowledge object,but from the contrary between things and I,Zhangzai degraded“knowledge of seeing and hearing”again,and advocate“knowledge of virtue”about coalescence between things and I,put forward the ways from“knowledge of seeing and hearing”to“knowledge of virtue”and discusses a series of problems related to“knowledge of virtue”.