清末民初京味小说语气词的发展及主要特征

Development and Main Features of Modal Particles in Beijing Novels in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

清末民初的京味小说语气词较之于近代汉语语气词并没有太多质的变化,其"发展"主要表现为三种形式:第一,由于语音变化生成全新的语气词,生成的合音语气词表达更为强烈的语气意义;第二,一些语气词的用法或使用范围有所扩大,如"啊"的音变规律已经基本形成,语音呈现系统化分布,语气词连用和语气短语词使用更为广泛;第三,有的语气词的书写形式得以发展,语气的表达更多的是通过使用带口旁的语气词来实现的,还有一些语气词历经长期混用最终成为了字形规范。

Compared with modern Chinese,the modal particles in Beijing Novels in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China did not have much qualitative change. Their development was mainly manifested in three forms: firstly,new modal particles were generated due to the phonetic changes,and the new modal particles expressed more intense mood meaning;secondly,the usage or scope of some modal particles were expanded,for example,the regularity of sound variation of " a" has already been basically formed,the voice presented as a systematic distribution,and the combination of modal particles and modal particle phrases were more widely used;thirdly,the writing form of some modal particles has been developed,the expression of mood was realized by using a modal particle with "mouth"character component,and some modal particles have become font norms because of the long-term non-formal use.