中国国民核算演变的公共品视角:模式选择、知识生产与体系构建

A Public Product Perspective of China’s National Accounts Evolution: Mode Selection,Knowledge Production and System Construction

国民核算作为一种国际标准统计体系的制度安排和一种宏观经济统计信息,具备了非排他性和非竞争性,因而属于一种公共品。本文不是中国国民核算理论和实践发展过程的全面论述,而是从公共品视角对核算模式选择、知识生产和体系构建补充一些认知。研究提出:(1)中国统计改革起点是口径符合物质平衡表范围的产值指标,从未系统实施过物质平衡表体系;中国国民核算模式转换和体系改革是内在动力和外在压力共同作用的结果;中国国民核算实践发展不够平衡,总体上大致处于1953年版至1993年版之间,部分项目达到了SNA 2008年版的水平。(2)中国学者在国民核算领域的学术增加值主要是论证中国核算模式的确立,对SNA的引进和系统、深入解读,SNA的中国化探索;国民核算的知识生产事关国家经济安全和质量提升,需要学者坚守阵地、贡献智慧,以奠定坚实的社会基础;国民核算需要"脑书"Handbook进一步研究学理和方法论。(3)SNA自身面临的困局和中国高质量发展,对国民核算提出了要求,通过中国SNA体系的构建路线图,给出了中国SNA体系化发展的路径。

The system of national accounts is a public product with non-exclusivity and non-competitiveness,which is also the a kind of institutional arrangement of international statistical systems and macro-economic statistical information.It does not fully state China’s theories and practice of national accounts,but complements cognition of model selection,knowledge production and system construction of China’s national accounts.It shows that,firstly,the reform starting point of China’s statistics is the indicator of ’output value’ using MPS boundary and China has never systematically carried out the MPS.The transformation and reform is the integrated results of domestic motivation and international pressure.The development of China’s accounting practice is not balanced and currently located between SNA1953 and SNA1993 with part of items are approaching SNA2008.Secondly,the contribution of China’s scholars in SNA area are in three aspects:introduction,interpretation,and localized exploration.The knowledge of SNA is related with national economic safety and quality improvement.China’s scholars should devote their efforts in the SNA research to improve our social infrastructure.The SNA concept is provided which emphasizes the further theoretical law and methodology research.Thirdly,the limits of SNA itself and China’s high-quality development require SNA to further research and development.Also,China’s track of SNA system is constructed and systematical development path is issued.