政治经济学批判视阈中的马克思正义理论建构

The Construction of Marx’s Justice Theory in the Critics of Political Economy

政治经济学批判为马克思正义理论建构提供了重要思想资源。基于政治经济学批判“从抽象到具体”的辩证法,马克思超越了政治理性主义的事实与价值二分方法,将正义的“价值”评判纳入对资本主义生产方式“事实”的考察之中,实现对资本主义社会的“本质”批判。马克思正义观的这一方法论基础决定了马克思正义理论的规范性不是抽象的“形式”规范,而是事实与价值相统一的“总体”规范。马克思正义理论的理论形态不是超然于生产方式之外的“自然正义”,而是在变革生产方式过程中将正义的价值理想内化于社会现实的“社会正义”。

Critics of political economy provides important ideological resources for the construction of Marx’s justice theory.Based on the dialectics of“Changing from abstract to concrete”in political economics,Marx transcended the dichotomy of facts and values of political rationalism and incorporated the judgement of“value”in justice into the examination of the“facts”of capitalist production methods,and thus to achieve the critics of the“essence”of capitalist society.This methodological basis of Marx’s view of justice determines that the normative nature of Marx’s theory of justice is not an abstract“formative”norm,but an“overall”norm that unifies facts and values.The theoretical form of Marx’s theory of justice is not“natural justice”beyond the mode of production,but“social justice”that internalizes the ideal of justice in social reality in the process of transforming the mode of production.