2008—2017年俄罗斯民用爆炸物品事故统计分析及启示

Statistical Analysis and Lessons of Accidents of Industrial Explosive in Russia from 2008 to 2017

民用爆炸物品行业是俄罗斯国民经济重要的组成部分之一,同时也属于俄罗斯工业技术类事故易发的领域。基于俄罗斯官方统计数据,以2008—2017年俄罗斯民用爆炸物品事故为统计分析对象,针对事故数、事故死亡人数、事故类型、事故地区分布及原因等进行讨论。结果表明:2008—2017年,俄罗斯民爆物品事故及人员伤亡主要发生在地下爆破作业过程中,民爆物品流失(含偷窃)案件多发生在地下矿山开采现场,导致俄罗斯民爆物品事故的绝大部分原因可以归结为管理方面的漏洞。2016年,俄罗斯工业炸药现场混装比重高达86.8%;2017年,俄罗斯乳化炸药产量占工业炸药总产量的66.1%,含TNT工业炸药产量及比重逐年下降。除极个别年份,俄罗斯民爆物品生产、储存、运输等环节事故率接近于零。研究结果对提高我国民用爆炸物品行业安全生产水平具有一定的借鉴意义。

As one of the most important components of national economy in Russia,industrial explosive also belongs to the field of frequent technical accidents in Russia.Based on the official statistical data,accidents due to industrial explosive in Russia during the period of 2008-2017 were analyzed,involving the number of accidents,number of deaths,types of accidents and distribution of accident areas.The results show that from 2008 to 2017,accidents and deaths in industrial explosion in Russia mainly occurred in the process of underground blasting operation.The loss of industrial explosive materials(including theft)mostly occurred on the site of underground mines.Most of the accidents in industrial explosion can be attributed to management loopholes.In 2016,the mixing ratio of industrial explosives in Russia reached to 86.8%.In 2017,the proportion of emulsified explosives in the total output of industrial explosives was 66.1%,and the output and proportion of industrial explosives containing TNT decreased year by year.Except for very few individual years,the accident rate of production,storage and transportation of industrial explosives in Russia was close to zero.The research results can be used for reference to improve the safety management of industrial explosive in China.