现代中国“文学话”批评的生成及其体式特征——以对话体“文学话”为例

Study of Formation and Stylistic Features of Modern Chinese Literary Discourse Critique——Based on Conversational Literary Discourse Style

话体批评之确立伏根于中国古典文论的"话"性特质。狭义之"话"性指由"话"字的"故事"之义规定的话体文学批评在内容方面的"故事性"取向;广义之"话"性则指古典文论碎金散玉般的理论寄生形态和印象式批评思维影响之下形成的"漫谈"风格。现代"文学话"自传统"文话"裂变而来,它一方面继承了传统话体批评的基本特性,另一方面又对其进行了改造,而其改造的主要表现之一即为对一种全新的"对话体"论述风格的采用。"文学话"之"对话体"主要分为"书信对话体"、"问答对话体"和"商榷对话体",这种论述风格的形成,使得"文学话"之"散"实现了对传统话体批评"漫谈"特征的积极超越,极大地丰富了中国话体文学批评的理论武库。

The formation of verbal criticism is based on the"talk"nature of Chinese classical literary theory.The so-called"talk"nature,in a narrow sense,refers to the"storytelling"orientation of verbal criticism content defined by the"story"meaning.In a broad sense,it refers to the"fun talk"style formed under the influence of the theoretical paradoxical forms of classical literary criticism and the impression of critical thinking.In modern times,a new kind of literary criticism named notes and comments on literature was produced on the basis of the Chinese traditional prose criticism.In term of the notes and comments on literature,it not only inherits the basic characteristics of the traditional dialectical criticism,but also has been reformed.Otherwise,one of the main manifestations of its"reform"is the adoption of a new"dialogue"exposition style.Commonly,the"dialogue"and the notes and comments on literature are mainly divided into"the dialogue body of letters","the dialogue of question and answer"and the"dialogue of merchants".Moreover,the formation of these discourse styles not only makes the"scattered"of the notes and comments on literature to achieve a positive transcendence over the traditional"fun talk"style,but also greatly enriches the theoretical arsenal of Chinese literary criticism.