职能定位视角下民事案由制度的反思与改进

Reflection and Improvement of Civil Case System under Perspective of Function Positioning

民事案由制度作为中国本土的特色制度,是总结中国民事诉讼在长期司法实践的成果。其在民事诉讼中发挥着重要的作用,却在法律中没有得到应有的显现,学界讨论也集中于如何确定案由的实务领域。回顾民事案由制度职能的历史沿革,民事案由制度应有文本标示职能、司法统计职能和诉讼指引职能,而诉讼指引职能与诉讼标的既相互联系又有区别。司法实践与其应有职能存在一定差距,通过明确划分标准、健全案由缺乏的应对制度、建立案由确定制度和案由变更制度,更好地发挥民事案由制度职能。

The civil case system is a characteristic system produced in China and is the result of summarizing the long-term judicial practices of Chinese civil litigation.It plays a huge role in civil litigation,but it does not get the proper appearance in the law.The academic circles also focus on how to determine the practical field of the case.Recalling the historical evolution of the civil function from the institutional function,the civil case system should have the function of text labeling,judicial statistics and litigation guidance,and the litigation guidance function is different from the litigation target.There is a certain gap between judicial practice and its due function.The system of functions of the civil case is better played through clear division of standards,improvement of the lack of response system,establishment of case determination system and case change system.