佛山地区7486例过敏性疾病患儿过敏原检测结果分析

Analysis of allergen detection in 7486 children with allergic diseases in Foshan area

目的回顾性分析佛山地区7 486例过敏性疾病患儿过敏原变化趋势,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。方法采用免疫印迹法对7 486例过敏性疾病以及疑似过敏性疾病患儿进行血清过敏原筛查,并进行数据分析。结果 7 486例过敏性疾病患儿血清总IgE阳性率为71.71%,吸入性过敏原血清特异性IgE阳性率位于前3位的分别为户尘螨(26.17%),树花粉组合(19.54%),猫毛皮屑(18.97%);食入性过敏原血清特异性IgE阳性率位于前3位的分别为牛奶(39.57%),鸡蛋白(22.01%),腰果(14.67%)。随着患儿年龄的增长,户尘螨、屋尘螨、霉组合、苋、草组合、虾、蟹、贝的血清特异性IgE阳性率逐渐增加;鸡蛋白、牛奶、猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑、树花粉组合的血清特异性IgE阳性率逐渐下降。鸡蛋白的血清特异性IgE阳性率在2016-2018年呈逐年上升的趋势,其他过敏原IgE无趋势性变化。结论佛山地区患儿吸入性过敏原主要为户尘螨与树花粉组合,食入性过敏原主要为牛奶与鸡蛋白,特别是鸡蛋白过敏应着重关注。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the trend of children′s allergens in Foshan so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Immunoblotting was used to screen serum allergens of 7 486 children with allergic diseases and suspected allergic diseases,and data analysis was performed.Results The total serum IgE positive rate of 7 486 allergic patients was 71.71%,and the top three serum-specific IgE positive rates of inhaled allergens were house dust mite(26.17%),tree pollen combination(19.54%),and cat dander(18.97%);the top three serum-specific IgE positive rates of food allergens were milk(39.57%),egg white(22.01%),cashew nuts(14.67%);with the increase of age,the serum-specific IgE positive rates of dust mites,house dust mites,mixed mold,cockroaches,mixed grass,shrimp,crab,shellfish gradually increased;the serum-specific IgE positive rate of egg white,milk,cat dander,dog dander,tree pollen combination gradually decreased;the serum-specific IgE positive rate of egg white had increased year by year from 2016 to 2018,and there was no trend change of other allergens.Conclusion House dust mite and tree pollen combination are the major inhaled allergens in Foshan children;milk and egg white are the major food allergens in Foshan children,especially egg white allergy should be paid attention to.