尸体肛温与死亡时间推断

Rectal Temperature of Corpse and Estimation of Postmortem Interval

测量尸温主要用于早期死亡时间推断,肛温因其测量简便、快捷及无创常被作为尸体核心温度的代表用于实际检案。目前,HENSSGE列线图法是被普遍接受并广泛运用的肛温推断死亡时间法,国内很多学者也通过大量案例数据推导出各自的回归方程。肛温推断死亡时间还有很多未知领域有待探索,列线图法也有待优化及扩展,其对影响因素的量化有待更科学地处理。平台期的发生概率及持续时长尚缺乏统一认识,各种原因导致初始温度改变的发生率及程度亦无明确认识。新的方法及思路丰富了方法学研究,但尚缺乏系统性及实用性。本文对肛温推断死亡时间的研究进行综述,旨在总结当前研究的现状并寻求突破点。由于尸温的下降易受体内外诸多因素的影响,不同地区的影响因素差异较大,地区化研究及应用也许是提高死亡时间推断精度的实用性探索。

Measurement of corpse temperature is mainly used for estimation of early postmortem interval, and rectal temperature is often used as a representative of body’s core temperature in actual work because it is simple, quick and non-invasive. At present, the rectal temperature postmortem interval estimation method internationally accepted and widely used is HENSSGE’s nomogram method,while many domestic scholars also deduced their own regression equations through a large number of case data. Estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature still needs further study. The nomogram method needs to be optimized and extended, and quantification of its influencing factors needs to be dealt with more scientifically. There is still a lack of consensus on the probability and duration of the temperature plateau. There is no clear understanding of the probability and extent of the change in initial temperature caused by various causes. New methods and ideas enrich methodological research, but it still lacks systemicity and practicality. This article reviews the researches on estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature in order to summarize the current situation of previous researches and seek new breakthrough points. Because the decline of body temperature can be easily influenced by many factors in vitro and vivo, and the influencing factors in different regions vary greatly, regionalization research and application may be a practical exploration to improve the accuracy of postmortem interval determination.