能源资源中氯的赋存形态与危害性

The occurrence forms and hazard of chlorine in energy resources

介绍了治理氯的重要性及必要性。综述了煤炭及原油中氯的赋存形态:煤炭中氯的赋存形态主要是无机氯化物;石油中氯的赋存形态可分为无机氯化物及有机氯化物,其中原油开采过程中加入的含有机氯的油田化学助剂是原油中有机氯的主要来源。分析了煤层及石油中氯的危害性:煤层及石油中存在的氯主要会导致设备管道的腐蚀、堵塞及催化剂失活;能源开采特别是石油开采过程中减少含氯开采助剂的使用及开发无氯助剂可以从源头上减小氯的危害性,该分析结果可以有针对性地控制氯含量有指导意义。

The importance and necessity of chlorine control are introduced.The occurrence forms of chlorine in coal and crude oil are summarized: the occurrence forms of chlorine in coal are mainly inorganic chlorides;the occurrence forms of chlorine in oil can be divided into inorganic chlorides and organic chlorides, and the oilfield chemical additives containing organic chlorine added in the process of crude oil exploitation are the main sources of organic chlorine in crude oil. The hazard of chlorine in coal seam and oil is analyzed: chlorine in coal seam and oil can mainly lead to corrosion and blockage of equipment and pipeline and deactivation of catalyst.In the process of energy exploitation, especially in the process of petroleum exploitation, reducing the use of chloro-exploitation assistant and developing chlorine free exploitation assistant can reduce the hazard of chlorine from the source. The analysis results can be used to control the content of chlorine in a targeted way.