财政分权对环境污染的影响研究——基于中国西部省区的数据

Research on the Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Environmental Pollution——Based on Data from Western Provinces and Regions of China

基于2007-2017年中国西部地区11个省份面板数据,运用固定效应模型对中国西部地区财政分权对环境污染的影响进行实证分析,并采用广义钜估计法(GMM)对模型进行稳健性检验,研究结果显示:环境污染存在严重的"滚雪球"效应和治理的滞后性,且结果具有稳健性;财政分权加剧了西部地区环境污染水平,且财政支出分权对环境污染的影响大于财政收入分权。通过分析发现控制变量中经济增长能够优化环境质量,处于环境库兹涅茨曲线的右半部分;产业结构的不合理会加剧环境污染水平且结果具有稳健性;城镇化对环境污染的影响在考虑环境污染滞后期后逐渐由显著的正向影响转变为影响不显著,说明随着城镇化的不断推进,城镇化对环境污染的不利影响逐渐减弱。据此,提出优化地方政府财政收支结构、坚持绿色发展、完善地方政府环境治理机制的建议。

Based on the panel data of 11 provinces in western China from 2007 to 2017, a fixed-effects model is used to conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of fiscal decentralization in western China on environmental pollution. research shows: Environmental pollution has a serious "snowball" effect and lagging governance, and the results are robust;fiscal decentralization has exacerbated the level of environmental pollution in the western region, and the impact of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution is greater than fiscal revenue decentralization. Through analysis, it is found that economic growth in the control variables can optimize the environmental quality, which is in the right half of the environmental Kuznets curve;the irrational industrial structure will increase the level of environmental pollution and the results are robust;The impact of urbanization on environmental pollution gradually changed from a significant positive impact to a less significant impact after considering the lag of environmental pollution, indicating that with the continuous advancement of urbanization,the adverse impact of urbanization on environmental pollution gradually weakened. Based on this, suggestions are made to optimize the fiscal revenue and expenditure structure of local governments, adhere to green development,and improve the environmental governance mechanisms of local governments.