基于“脑-肠互动”理论探究脑肠肽在运动抗抑郁中的作用机制

The Potential Role of Brain Gut Peptides in the Antidepressant Effects of Exercise Based on the Theory of “Brain-Gut Interaction”

大脑与胃肠道之间的相互作用在人类的健康和行为中扮演着重要角色。脑肠轴是大脑与肠道之间由神经-内分泌介导的双向应答系统,脑肠肽是脑肠轴发挥作用不可或缺的物质基础。脑肠肽在外周和中枢的异常表达,介导了应激反应、胃肠动力亢进/不足、食欲和摄食异常、肠道微生态失衡等,进而导致抑郁、焦虑、胃肠道疾病和代谢性疾病等。慢性应激模型动物或抑郁患者的脑肠肽分泌、释放异常,而使用抗抑郁药物后其水平发生改变,提示其可能成为抑郁症的新型生物标志物。运动可纠正外周或中枢脑肠肽(ghrelin、NPY、CCK、PYY、GRP)的异常表达,进而影响单胺类神经递质水平、HPA轴活性、神经营养因子表达和神经可塑性、细胞凋亡、神经毒害物质代谢、表观遗传等,发挥抗抑郁效应。

Accumulating evidences have indicated that the interaction between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in human health and behavior.Bain-gut axis is a two-way response system mediated by neuro-endocrine between the brain and the intestine.Brain-gut peptides are the indispensable pysiological and molecular basis for the function of the brain-gut axis.Abnormal expression of brain-gut peptides in peripheral and central nervous system mediates stress response,gastrointestinal hyperactivity/deficiency,appetite and feeding abnormalities,itestinal microecological imbalance,etc.,and thus leads to depression,anxiety,gastrointestinal diseases and metabolism diseases.The secretion and release of brain-gut peptides in chronic stress model animals or depressed patients are abnormal,and the levels of brain-gut peptides changes following antidepressant drug treatment.These results suggest that brain-gut peptides may be a new biomarker of depression.Exercise can regulate the abnormal expression of peripheral or central brain-gut peptides(such as ghrelin,neuropeptide Y,cholecystokinin,Peptide YY,Gastrin Releasing Peptide),and then affect monoamine neurotransmitter levels,HPA axis activity,neurotrophic factors expression,neuroplasticity,neuronal apoptosis,neurotoxic substances metabolism,epigenetics and so on in order to exert an antidepressant effect.