中国农作物秸秆综合利用分析与对策

Analysis and Countermeasure of Comprehensive Utilization of Crop Straw in China

十九大报告提出了乡村振兴战略,中国对于农村发展尤其是农村环境治理的重视程度不断加大。农作物秸秆是农村面源污染的源头,秸秆在田间焚烧的过程中会产生大量烟雾,对农村及城市环境产生较大影响,中国作为秸秆资源大国,无论是农民私自焚烧还是遗弃秸秆,都会对农村环境造成极大的污染。近年来中国秸秆治理产业链规模虽然不断扩大,但秸秆过剩问题仍较为严重,由于很多农村地区已经不再需要将秸秆当成主要燃料,为了抢收作物,经常将多余秸秆直接焚烧,既造成了资源浪费,又对生态环境产生了较多负面影响。在分析中国秸秆综合利用现状的基础上,剖析了当前乡村振兴战略背景下秸秆治理中存在的问题,并提出了促进中国秸秆资源治理有序发展的对策。最后,对未来中国农作物秸秆利用前景和发展方向进行了展望。

The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward rural revitalization strategy, China has paid more and more attention to rural development, especially rural environmental governance. Crop straw is the source of non-point source pollution in rural areas, during the process of straw burning in the field a large amount of smoke will be generated, which has a great impact on the rural and urban environment. As a big country of straw resources, whether straw is burned or abandoned by farmers, it will cause great pollution to the rural environment. Although the scale of China’s straw management industry chain has been expanding in recent years, the problem of excess straw is still more serious. As straw is no longer needed as the main fuel in many rural regions, in order to rush to harvest, surplus straw is often directly burned which not only cause waste of resources, but also has a lot of negative impacts on the ecological environment. Based on the analysis of the status quo of comprehensive utilization of straw in China, the problems existing in the straw management under the background of the current rural revitalization strategy were analyzed, and countermeasures to promote the orderly development of straw resource management in China were put forward. Finally, the prospects and development directions of crop straw utilization in the future in China were forecasted.