论商法通则的立法定位及其逻辑展开

On the Legislative Orientation and Logical Development of the General Rules of Commercial Law

立法定位既是商法通则立法的基点和逻辑起点,亦是指导商法通则司法适用的线索和指南。从商法通则和《民法总则》的关系、自身属性、适用对象三方面考虑,商法通则应当是“补充法”“权利法”和“裁判法”。制定商法通则不是对民法典“民商合一”立法体制的否定,恰恰是对民法典的必要“补充”和有益“完善”;商法通则的内容设计应当以商事权利为主轴和核心;其规范逻辑结构与构成要素应当符合构成要件—法律后果之要求,以便于法适用和司法裁判。在三者关系上,“补充法”和“裁判法”的商法通则是从“外部”关系进行考虑的;“权利法”是从商法通则“内部”属性来认识的;“权利法”和“补充法”的商法通则是从“静态”视角看待的,“裁判法”是从“动态”适用视角考虑的。

The legislative orientation is not only the base point and logical starting point of the general principles of commercial law,but also the clue and guide to guide the judicial application of general principles of commercial law.Considering the relationship between the general principles of commercial law and the general principles of civil law,their own attributes and applicable objects,the legislation of general principles of commercial law should follow the three logic of“supplementary law”,“right law”and“judgment law”.The formulation of the general principles of commercial law is not the negation of the legislative system of“the integration of civil law and commerce”but the necessary supplement and improvement of the civil code.The content design of general principles of commercial law should take commercial rights as the core and clue;The logical structure/constituent elements of the general principles of commercial law should meet the requirements of constitutive elements and legal consequences,so as to facilitate the application of law and facilitate judicial judgment.In the three relations,as“supplementary law”and“judgment law”commercial law general rules from the“external”relationship to consider;The“right law”is understood from the“internal”attribute of the general principles of commercial law.As“right law”and“supplementary law”,the general principles of commercial law are also viewed from the“static”perspective,while“judgment law”is considered from the“dynamic”perspective of application.