侵彻单层和多层靶时战斗部装药损伤及热点生成机理研究

Research on the Damage and Hot-spot Generation in Explosive Charges during Penetration into Single-or Multi-layer Target

针对当前钻地战斗部在复杂冲击环境下装药安定性影响机制研究难题,采用裂纹摩擦、孔洞塌缩两种热点生成机制细观模型,开展了侵彻单层和多层两种典型靶板的战斗部装药动态响应、损伤演化及热点生成对比研究。给出了战斗部在单次或多次冲击载荷下装药内热点产生的不同机理,并与战斗部地面装药安定性试验进行了对比。结果表明:相比单层靶,侵彻多层靶时战斗部经受多次冲击及姿态偏转,容易使装药内产生损伤,发生裂纹摩擦或孔洞塌缩进而导致热点产生,多次冲击环境使得装药头部和尾部都为危险区域;通过不同侵彻速度、炸药断裂韧性、初始孔隙率等影响因素对比分析,发现降低应力幅值、减少装药在壳体内振荡次数、提高炸药材料自身强度性能、减少装药初始疵病,均是提高装药侵彻安定性有效手段。

It is difficult to study the influencing mechanism of explosive charges stability during the penetration into targets in a complex impact environment.The microscale hot-spot generation models which include crack friction and pore collapse are used to simulate the dynamic response,damage evolution and hot-spot generation of explosive charges during the penetration into the single-and multi-layer targets.The different generating mechanisms of hot-spot are analyzed through simulation and compared with the experimental results.The simulated results show that it is easy to generate the hot-spot in the explosive charges during the penetration into multi-layer target compared with single-layer target,and the explosive charges can easily be damaged more seriously under repeatedly loading and trajectory deflection in the penetration into multi-layer target,which also generates the hot-spot due to crack friction and pore collapse.The areas of head and tail of the explosive charges should be especially protected,where the hot-spots are easily generated.The influence factors,such as penetration velocity,fracture toughness and initial porosity of explosive charges,are analyzed.The stability of explosive charges can be improved by reducing the stress amplitude,decreasing the oscillation times of explosive charges in a shell,increasing the strength of explosive material and reducing the initial defect of charge.