纳米六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷与三氨基三硝基苯含能复合物的制备及性能研究

Preparation and Characterization of Nano 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Energetic Composites

为提高六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)的安全性能,通过一步球磨法制得CL-20与三氨基三硝基苯(CL-20/TATB)含能复合物。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)对原料和含能复合物的性能进行表征,并进行撞击感度测试与分析。结果表明:制备的产物不是CL-20和TATB的简单物理混合,而是生成新的晶型;在SEM图中,与原料相比,CL-20/TATB含能复合物表面更加光滑,球形化效果明显,形貌呈规则的小颗粒状,粒度分布约在50~200 nm之间;在XRD图谱中,最终产物的主要衍射峰分布明显不同于原料和简单混合物的衍射峰,有新的衍射峰出现,说明最终产物中有新的晶型出现,同时由于粒径变小导致衍射峰谱带弥散且宽化;在CL-20/TATB含能复合物的FT-IR图中,由于CL-20(—NO 2或—CH)和TATB(—NO 2或—NH 2)之间的氢键作用,导致红外谱峰发生偏移;在DSC图中,CL-20/TATB含能复合物的放热峰比原料CL-20和原料TATB的都提前,说明CL-20/TATB含能复合物的热分解活性比原料CL-20和原料TATB有所增强;撞击感度测试中,CL-20/TATB含能复合物的特性落高比CL-20高62 cm,具有更好的撞击安全性能。

In order to reduce the sensitivity of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20),CL-20/1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB)energetic composites were prepared by using one-step ball milling method.The properties of raw materials and energetic composites were characterized by using scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffractometer,infrared spectrometer and diffrential scanning calorimetery.The impact sensitivity test was carried out.The results show that the as-prepared product is not a simple physical mixture of CL-20 and TATB,but a new crystalline phase is formed.In the SEM pattern,compared with the raw materials,the morphology of CL-20/TATB composite is regular spherical or ellipsoidal,and the particle size is in the range of 50-200 nm.In the XRD pattern,the main diffraction peak in the final product is obviously different from the main diffraction peaks in the raw CL-20 and the raw TATB.New XRD diffraction peaks arise,which indicates that a new crystal form appears in the final product.The diffraction peak become wider due to the decrease in particle size.In FT-IR pattern,the position of characteristic vibration peak of the functional group in the CL-20/TATB composite is shifted due to the hydrogen bond between CL-20(—NO 2 or—CH)and TATB(—NO 2 or—NH 2).In the DSC curve,compared with raw CL-20 and raw TATB,the exothermic peak of the CL-20/TATB composite is advanced,which indicates that the thermal decomposition activity of CL-20/TATB composite is stronger than those of raw CL-20 and raw TATB.In the impact sensitivity test,the characteristic height of CL-20/TATB composite is 62 cm higher than that of CL-20,indicating that the impact safety of CL-20/TATB is better than that of CL-20.