制造业投入服务化与女性就业

Input Servitization of Manufacturing and the Employment of Women

随着"工业型经济"向"服务型经济"的转变,制造业投入服务化水平不断提高,势必会对服务业就业结构产生重要影响。本文利用OECD投入产出数据和国际劳工组织数据分析制造业投入服务化对服务业女性就业的影响。结果表明:总体而言,制造业投入服务化通过创造效应和转移效应对服务业女性就业具有显著的促进作用。制造业投入服务化使从事家庭生产的女性减少,服务部门的女性就业增加(创造效应);同时使女性劳动力从农业部门和工业部门转移到服务部门(转移效应)。进一步的研究发现,分销、金融、电信和研发投入服务化对服务业女性就业具有显著的正向影响;进口服务要素投入对女性就业的促进作用超过国内服务要素投入;制造业投入服务化对受教育年限较长的女性群体的就业影响更大,并且提高了女性的创业动力。

With the transformation of"industrial economy"to"service economy",the level of input servitization of manufacturing is constantly increasing,which will inevitably have an important impact on the employment structure of service industry.This paper quantitatively analyzes the impact of input servitization of manufacturing on the employment of women in service industry.The results show that:in general,input servitization of manufacturing has a significant role in promoting women’s employment in service industry through creative effect and transfer effect.Further research finds that:distribution input,financial input,telecommunications input and R&D input servitization have a significant positive impact on women’s employment in service,and transportation input servitization has a significant negative effect;the role of import service input in the manufacturing industry in promoting women’s employment exceeds domestic service input;input servitization of manufacturing has a greater impact on employment of women with longer education years,and it also has enhanced the motivation of women’s entrepreneurship.