观察因果学习和自主探索对学前儿童因果推理的影响

The Influence of Observations and Independent Exploration on Preschoolers’ Causal Inference

本研究采取单因素完全随机实验设计,以94名学前末期儿童(66-74月龄)为被试,在控制证据顺序的条件下探究观察因果学习结果和自主探索结果对儿童因果推理的影响,结果发现:(1)在只获得观察学习结果或自主探索结果一种证据条件下,绝大多数儿童依据所获证据推断因果关系;(2)在获得观察学习结果和自主探索结果两种证据条件下,儿童能综合两类证据推断因果关系,其中自主探索结果对儿童因果推理的影响力大于观察学习结果。

Preschoolers use both direct observation and independent exporation to learn causal relationships.Can children integrate information from two kinds of sources.In order to explore the interaction between contrasting observations and independent exploration in children’s causal reasoning,This study adopted one-factor completely randomized design.The results showed that:under the condition that only one kind of evidence was obtained,most of the children inferred causality based on the evidence obtained;Under the condition that the two kinds of evidence were obtained,the children could infer causality by integrating information from these sources.But the effect of independent exploration on children’s causal reasoning was greater than that of observations.