平行竞争还是序列加工?——来自空间关系推理的脑电证据

Parallel Competitive or Serial Processing?——The Evidence from an ERP Study of Spatial Relational Reasoning

本研究应用事件相关电位技术探讨推理的双重加工理论中两个系统T1与T2之间的相互作用关系。研究假设逻辑推理者(LR)的推理过程启动T2系统,而非逻辑推理者(IR)在推理过程中会启动T1系统,工作记忆的参与与否作为区分T1与T2系统的指标。研究结果显示空间关系三段论推理可分为识别-对比-推导-保持四个阶段,两类推理者在推导阶段与结果保持阶段存在明显差异。LR的推导与保持阶段需要工作记忆广泛参与,而IR的推导过程主要进行视觉操作,在保持阶段抑制信念冲突,这个过程不依赖工作记忆。这表明LR的推理过程主要启动T2系统,IR的推理过程有T1系统参与,对信念与逻辑冲突的探测不需要T2参与,符合混合模型。

In this study,the interaction between two systems T1 and T2 in the inferential dual processing theory was investigated by using the event-related potential technique.It is assumed that the reasoning process of the logical reasoner(LR)only starts the T2 system,while the illogical reasoner(IR)starts the T1 system during the reasoning process,and the participation of working memory is used as the clue to distinguish T1 from T2 system.The results show that the reasoning process goes through four stages as identification-comparison-derivation-retention,and the brain activation patterns of the two groups of reasoners are obviously different in the derivation stage and the result retention stage.The derivation and retention stage of LR requires extensive participation of working memory,while the derivation process of IR is mainly engaged in visual operation,and belief conflict is suppressed in the maintenance stage,which is independent of working memory.The result indicates that LR’s reasoning process mainly starts the T2 system,IR’s reasoning process involves T1 system,and the detection of belief and logic conflict does not need T2,which conforms to the Hybrid model.