家庭养育环境与儿童孤独症特质的关系

Association between child rearing environment and autistic traits

目的探讨家庭养育环境与儿童孤独症特质之间的关系,为减少儿童孤独症特质的发生提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,使用中文克氏孤独症筛查量表和家庭养育环境量表,于2019年3-5月选取苏州市郊区8所幼儿园所有在园儿童进行问卷调查,使用Epidata 3.1录入数据并使用SPSS 20.0对数据进行分析。结果无孤独症特质组儿童的家庭养育环境在语言/认知信息、社会适应/自理、忽视/干涉/惩罚、活动多样性/游戏参与、环境气氛6个维度得分均高于有孤独症特质组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-7.608,-6.251,-7.008,-6.008,-5.219,-8.550,P<0.01)。男性(OR=1.695,95%CI:1.207~2.381)、有分离史(OR=2.153,95%CI:1.225~3.782)、社会适应/自理差(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.002~1.098)、家庭环境气氛差(OR=1.147,95%CI:1.073~1.226)和频繁的忽视/斥责/打骂儿童(OR=1.053,95%CI:1.029~1.079)是儿童孤独症特质的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论男性性别、有分离史、社会适应/自理、频繁忽视/干涉/惩罚、环境气氛差与儿童有孤独症特质有关,应当重视儿童早期有关方面家庭养育环境的改善。

Objective To investigate the relationship between autistic traits and family nurture environment and supply reference for reducing the occurrence of autistic traits among children. Methods Random cluster sampling method was used to select children from 8 kindergartens in Suzhou City.Clancy Autism Behavior Scale(CABS) and Child Home Nurture Environment Scale was used to conduct cross-sectional investigation among the children and their parents.Epidata version 3.1 and IBM SPSS 20.0 were used to analyze data. Results There were significant differences on the scores of language/cognitive information, emotional warmth/self-expression, social adaptation/self-care, neglect/intervention punishment, activity diversity/game participation and environmental atmosphere between the group with autistic symptom and without symptom(t=-7.608,-6.251,-7.008,-6.008,-5.219,-8.550,P<0.01).Male gender(OR=1.695,95%CI:1.207-2.381), period of separation(OR=2.153,95%CI:1.225-3.782), social adaptation/self-care(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.002-1.098), neglect/intervention punishment(OR=1.147,95%CI:1.073-1.226), environment atmosphere(OR=1.053,95%CI:1.029-1.079) were the risk factors of children autistic traits(P<0.05). Conclusions Male gender,period of separation, social adaptation/self-care, neglect/intervention punishment and environment atmosphere are risk factors of autistic traits.It is necessary to pay more attention to improve family nurture environment in early childhood.