基于《古今图书集成·医部全录》的咳嗽的文献研究和数据挖掘

Literature Research and Data Mining of Cough Based on the Gujintushujicheng·Yibuquanlu

目的探讨古代经典医著对咳嗽的认识。方法对《古今图书集成·医部全录》中关于咳嗽的文献进行归类,然后录入咳嗽数据库,进行频数分析、聚类分析和关联分析。结果咳嗽的病因有六淫、七情、饮食、五劳、痰饮、瘀血、虫积、外伤等;病机主要为伤于肺气,动于脾湿,归重于肾;治疗大多从外感和内伤论治,在表者解表祛邪,在里者当化痰止咳、补气健脾、滋阴润肺,热者清之,有寒饮者温之,咳久者涩之;214个治咳方总共包含中药204味,总共使用1659次,聚类分析发现10对配伍,关联分析发现关联规则7条。结论古代文献对咳嗽的认识较全面,配伍用药灵活多变,并不统一。

Objective To explore the understanding of cough in ancient classic medical books. Methods Firstly, the literature about cough on Gujintushujicheng·Yibuquanlu was classified. Then the data were recorded into the cough database and analyzed by frequency, cluster and correlation analysis. Results The causes of disease are six excesses, seven emotions, dietary irregularities, five-fatigue, phlegm-retained fluid, static blood, parasites, trauma, etc. The main mechanism of disease is lung-Qi injured, spleen-dampness aroused and finally kidney injured. The therapy was based on external contraction and internal damage, and the methods of treatment included releasing the exterior and eliminating the pathogenic factors, resolving phlegm and suppressing cough, tonifying Qi and fortifying the spleen, enriching Yin and moistening the lung, clearing heat, warming the lung and resolving fluid retention, constraining the lung tosuppress cough, etc. The 214 ancient formulas were included 204 herbs totally used 1659 times, and 10 herb combinations and 7 correlation rules were found by cluster and correlation analysis. Conclusion The ancient literature had a comprehensive understanding of cough. The use of herb is agile and variable in clinical.