干粮考释

"Dry food" Textual Research and Interpretation

干粮作为食物的一种,为人类的远行及迁徙提供了可能。对于"干粮"一词,中国社会科学院语言研究所编撰的《现代汉语词典》[1]解释为:"预先做好的供外出食用的干的主食,指炒米、炒面、馒头、烙饼等。有的地区也指在家食用的干的面食,如馒头、烙饼等。"商务国际辞书编辑部编撰的《现代汉语词典》[2]中解释为:预先做好的干的主食,如炒米、炒面、馒头、烙饼等。《语言大典》[3]中的解释与第7版《现代汉语词典》中的解释相同。从上述词典中的解释,我们可以看出,干粮是泛指某一类食物的用语,但这类食物的共性是否就仅是"预先做好"和"供外出食用"?各词典的解释并不十分清楚,这也就意味着社会常识对于干粮的认知尚存在一些模糊之处。那么,到底什么是干粮?干粮是否在不同的地区可以指代不同的食品?在历史的长河中,干粮的形制与内容是否曾有所改变?对于上述问题,本文拟展开一些初步的学术探讨。

As a kind of food,dry food provides the possibility for human travel and migration.For the term"dry food",the"Modern Chinese Dictionary"compiled by the Institute of Linguistics,CASS is interpreted as:"Pre—made dry staple food for eating out,refers to fried rice,fried noodles,steamed buns,pancakes,etc.Some area it also refers to dried pastas that are eaten at home,such as steamed breads,pancakes,etc.The"Modem Chinese Dictionary"compiled by the Editorial Department of the CP International Dictionary explains:pre-made dry staple foods such as fried rice,fried flours,steamed breads,pancakes,etc.The interpretation in"A Great Chinese Dictionary"is the same as that explained in the 7th edition of the "Modem Chinese Dictionary".From the explanations in the above dictionary,we can see that dry food refers to the term of a certain type of food,but is the commonality of such foods only"pre-made"and"for travel"?The interpretation of each dictionary is not very clear,which means that there is still some ambiguity in the knowledge of dry food in social common sense.So,what is dry food?Can dry food refer to different foods in different regions?Has the shape and content of dry food changed in the long history?For the questionsabove,this paper intends to conduct some preliminary academic discussions.