论《斗士参孙》中的公民自由与宗教自由

Civil and Religious Liberties in Samson Agonistes

弥尔顿在《斗士参孙》中通过参孙之口为公民自由、宗教自由进行了三轮辩护。参孙分别通过自然法和"上帝选派的拯救者"为自己的抗争身份提供依据。这两种思想资源均侧重公民自由,却相互抵牾。弥尔顿受阿米尼乌斯主义影响,得以接受这两种迥异的思想资源,并通过不同人物与先后叙述缓解其内在张力,使二者各自发挥影响,于《斗士参孙》中并行不悖。此外,参孙亦争取宗教自由,弥尔顿对此的强调与王朝复辟时期的历史语境关系密切。

This paper focuses on Samson’s three justifications for civil and religious liberties in Samson Agonistes. Samson invokes the law of nature and his identity as "a person raised" sequentially to provide a sound defense for his past resistance. These two intellectual sources both contribute to civil liberty but contain inconsistency. Milton,influenced by Arminianism,manages to incorporate these two seemingly contradictory sources and resolve the tension between them through dissimilar characters and narrative. Thus he succeeds in activating and juxtaposing both in his tragedy. Besides,Milton also lays stress on Samson’s striving for religious liberty,which could be largely attributed to the historical context during the Restoration.