文冠果叶片解剖结构的抗旱性分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Leaf Anatomical Structure

采用石蜡切片技术对鄂托克前旗文冠果种质资源圃收集的108份文冠果种质资源的叶片解剖结构进行观测,分别测定了上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度、主脉厚度等11项与抗旱性相关的指标,并通过聚类分析、方差分析、多重比较、主成分分析、隶属函数分析等方法评价文冠果不同类型种质资源的抗旱性。结果显示,聚类分析得到的三组不同类型文冠果种质资源叶片解剖结构对干旱具有显著的差异性适应(p<0.001),其中C组类型通过提高各组织的厚度来适应干旱环境,B组类型依赖发达的维管系统、晶体细胞以及粘液细胞来高效地输导水分,抵御缺水萎蔫应对干旱环境;上表皮角质层厚度、栅海比、叶片组织结构紧密度、叶片厚度4项指标对不同类型文冠果的抗旱性影响较大,可作为筛选抗旱性文冠果种质资源的主要指标;三组不同类型的文冠果种质资源的抗旱性综合排序依次为:C>B>A,其中C组类型28个文冠果种质资源的抗旱性最强,是中国"三北"干旱区推广的潜在种质资源,可以为中国干旱、半干旱区抗旱文冠果种质资源的推广以及筛选提供依据。

The leaf a natomical structure of 108 Xant hoceras sorbifolium germplasm resources collected from the Xanthoceras sorbifolium germplasm resources nursery in ettokqian banner was observed by paraffin section technique.Eleven indexes related to drought resistance,such as upper epidermal cuticle thickness,lower epidermal cuticle thickness,upper epidermal thickness,lower epidermal thickness,palisade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness,leaf thickness and main vein thickness,were determined respectively.The drought resistance of different types of Xanthoceras sorbifolium germplasm resources was evaluated by cluster analysis,variance analysis,multiple comparisons,principal component analysis and membership function analysis.The results showed that the leaf anatomical structure of the three groups of different types of Xanthoceras sorbifolium germplasm resources obtained by cluster analysis showed significant difference in adaptation to drought(p<0.001),wherein the group C type adapts to the arid environment by increasing the thickness of each tissue.Type B relies on the developed vascular bundle system,crystal cells and mucus cells to conduct water efficiently and resist water shortage and wilting to cope with drought.The thickness of stratum corneum in the upper epidermis,the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue,the tightness of leaf tissue structure and the thickness of leaf have great influence on the drought resistance of different types of Xanthoceras sorbifolium bunge,it can be used as the main index for screening drought-resistant Xanthoceras sorbifolium germplasm resources.The order of drought resistance of three groups of Xanthoceras sorbifolium germplasm resources is as follows:C>B>A.The 28 Xanthoceras sorbifolium germplasm resources of type C have the strongest drought resistance,which is a potential germplasm resources to be popularized in the Three North arid areas of China.It will provide a theoretical basis for the extension and selection of drought-resistant Xanthoceras sorbifolium germplasm resources in arid and semi-arid regions of China.