高水位变幅鱼道进口布置水力学试验研究

Hydraulic Experimental Study on Layout of Fishway Inlet under the Condition of High Water Level Variation

天然河道近岸带一般存在可供鱼类上溯的低流速区,原始条件下该区域的位置会随着水位涨落而发生改变,但在岸边布置鱼道后,水流往往被束缚在鱼道一侧,低水位时的低流速区在高水位条件下可能不复存在,当水位变动较大时,这种现象尤为明显。对于高水位变幅鱼道工程,顺岸分散布置进鱼口很难实现在不同运行水位条件下均有较好的诱鱼水力条件。为此,通过对某水电站鱼道进口布置进行优化试验研究,提出了一种适用于高水位变幅鱼道的进口布置方式,解决了不同运行水位条件下进鱼口附近均有较佳诱鱼水力条件的问题,可为相关工程设计提供参考。

There are generally low velocity zones along the natural river bank for fish to travel up.Under the original condition,the location of this area will change with the fluctuation of water level.While after laying out the fishway on the bank,the river flow is often tied to the side of the fishway.The low velocity zones at low water levels will cease to exist at high water levels,and this phenomenon is especially obvious when water levels fluctuate widely.For the high water level variable amplitude fishway,it is difficult to realize that there are favorable hydraulic conditions for luring fish at different operating water levels by scattering fishway inlet along the river bank.In this paper,by means of the experimental study on the optimal layout of the fishway inlet of a hydropower station,a new arrangement form of fishway inlet for high water level variable amplitude is presented to solve the luring fish problem at different water level conditions,which can provide reference for the related engineering design.