滨海盐碱地滴灌玉米生长指标及产量研究

Research on growth index and yield of drip irrigation maize under different drip irrigation and cultivation methods in coastal saline alkali soil

以玉米为试材,采用覆膜、无覆膜对比处理及不同灌水定额(40、70 mm)处理,于2017年4—8月在天津市滨海盐碱地进行试验,分析了滴灌玉米的生长及产量变化规律。结果表明:随着生育期的推进,玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数呈现平稳的变化趋势。不同灌水量不同覆膜条件下,玉米生长指标变化不同。拔节期,4种处理差异显著,具有统计学意义,覆膜玉米较不覆膜玉米的株高、茎粗和叶面积生长迅速;抽雄期,株高、茎粗和叶面积指数覆膜比不覆膜小,覆膜能够抑制玉米的营养生长,提高植株抗倒伏能力,并延长了植株生殖生长的时间,提高了玉米产量。采用Logistic曲线建立盐碱地玉米株高、茎粗和叶面积指数生长模拟曲线,各处理F检验结果在78~477之间,拟合方程显著,拟合曲线与实测值都较接近,呈现较好的拉长S形曲线,比较符合Logistic曲线的变化规律。玉米产量构成因素包括有效穗数、穗粒数和百粒重。在产量因素方面,覆膜处理均高于不覆膜处理,覆膜与不覆膜的玉米产量构成因素差异具有统计学意义。以玉米为试材,采用覆膜、无覆膜对比处理及不同灌水定额(40、70mm)处理,于2017年48月在天津市滨海盐碱地进行试验,分析了滴灌玉米的生长及产量变化规律。结果表明:随着生育期的推进,玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数呈现平稳的变化趋势。不同灌水量不同覆膜条件下,玉米生长指标变化不同。拔节期,4种处理差异显著,具有统计学意义,覆膜玉米较不覆膜玉米的株高、茎粗和叶面积生长迅速;抽雄期,株高、茎粗和叶面积指数覆膜比不覆膜小,覆膜能够抑制玉米的营养生长,提高植株抗倒伏能力,并延长了植株生殖生长的时间,提高了玉米产量。采用Logistic曲线建立盐碱地玉米株高、茎粗和叶面积指数生长模拟曲线,各处理F检验结果在78477之间,拟合方程显著,拟合曲线与实测值都较接近,呈现较好的拉长S形曲线,比较符合Logistic曲线的变化规律。玉米产量构成因素包括有效穗数、穗粒数和百粒重。在产量因素方面,覆膜处理均高于不覆膜处理.覆膜与不覆膜的玉米产量构成因素差异具有统计学意义。

In this experiment,with corn as a test material,the drip irrigation test(film mulching,without film mulching and drip irrigation quota 40,70 mm)was carried out in the coastal saline alkali soil of Tianjin city in April-August 2017.The growth and yield changes of drip corn were analyzed.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index increased first and then changed slowly and steadily with the development of maize.Under the conditions of different irrigation amounts and different film mulching,the growth index of maize were different.At jointing stage,there were significant differences among the four treatments,and the difference was statistically significant.The plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of plastic film mulching grew faster than those without film mulching.The three factors of film mulching at heading stage,plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index were smaller than those without film mulching.Film mulching could inhibit the vegetative growth of maize,improve the lodging resistance,prolong the reproductive growth time and increase the yield of maize.Simulated growth curve of maize plant height、stem diameter and leaf area index in saline-alkali soil was established with Logistic curve.The results of each treatment F test were 78-477,the fitting equation was significant,the fitting curve and the actual measured value were all close,showing a faily good elongated S shape curve,which was in accordance with the change law of the Logistic curve.Corn yield components include spike number per acreage,grain number per spike and 100 kernel weight.The yield factors of film mulching treatment were higher than that of non-film mulching treatment,and the difference of maize yield between film mulching and non-film mulching was statistically significant.