行刑诉讼交叉案件的裁处机制——以行政权与刑罚权的双重法律关系为视角

Mechanism for Dealing with Intersecting Cases of Administrative-Criminal Litigation:From Perspective of Dual Legal Relation Between Administrative Power and Power of Criminal Penalty

中国法体系语境下的行刑诉讼交叉案件的产生,既源自违法与犯罪二元化处理机制中临界点的模糊性,又来自行政机关与刑事诉讼机关职权的交叉重叠,而最根本原因乃在于实体法中行政权与刑罚权的双重法律关系,即行政处罚权与刑罚权在惩罚严厉程度上的递进关系以及刑罚权对行政管理权(狭义)的保障关系。据此,行刑诉讼交叉案件可分为两类:一是以行政处罚行为为诉讼标的的行刑诉讼交叉案件;二是以行政管理行为(狭义)为诉讼标的的行刑诉讼交叉案件。前者的处理应秉持“刑事先行,先刑后行”的规则,后者的处断则应坚持“行政先行,刑事后理”的规则。

The appearance of intersecting administrative-criminal trials in Chinese legal system’s context results from the ambiguity of the demarcation point in the dualistic mechanism of handling administrative violations and crimes,the duty overlapping or functional intersection between administrative branches and criminal judiciary authorities,and basically the existence of a dual legal relation between administrative power and the power of criminal penalty under Chinese substantial laws.It contains a progressive relationship in intensity between the administrative power of punishment and the power of criminal penalty,also an assurance relationship that criminal penalty power imposes on the administrative management power(in a narrow sense).Accordingly,cross administrative-criminal cases could be classified into two categories:the cross cases that take administrative punishment as the object;the cross cases that take administrative managerial behaviors(in a narrow sense)as the object.For the former category,the rule of‘taking criminal procedure as priority,administrative procedure followed’shall be upheld,and cases of the latter category shall be settled in accordance with the rule of‘taking administrative procedure as priority,criminal procedure followed’,thus abiding by the dual-legal-relation principle which involves the power of administrative punishment and the power of criminal penalty.