基于高通量测序技术对野生和圈养华北豹肠道真菌多样性的分析

Analysis of Intestinal Fungus Diversity of Wild and Captive North-Chinese Leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis) Based on High-Throughput Sequencing

肠道真菌是肠道菌群的重要组成部分,对维系肠道菌群结构与功能发挥了重要的作用。华北豹是国家Ⅰ级保护野生动物,是中国特有的豹亚种,对其肠道真菌多样性的研究是濒危野生动物迁地保护的重要内容。本研究选取24份野生华北豹粪便样品、7份圈养华北豹粪便样品,运用18S rDNA高通量测序技术,测定野生和圈养华北豹肠道真菌多样性。结果表明:子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、毛霉门(Mucoromycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、芽枝霉门(Blastocladiomycota)是华北豹肠道真菌的优势菌群,而Zoopagomycota菌门仅在野生华北豹粪便样品中检测到。经统计学分析:在门水平上,圈养华北豹肠道毛霉门(Mucoromycota)较野生华北豹高,差异性显著(P=0.0085);在纲水平上,圈养华北豹肠道酵母纲(Saccharomycetes)较野生华北豹高,差异性显著(P=0.0016)。圈养与野生华北豹肠道真菌多样性差异可能与人工饲养条件食物过于单一有关。

Intestinal fungi help maintain the structure and function of intestinal flora.North-Chinese leopard(Panthera pardus japonesis),is listed as a first-class national protected species,and the subspecies is endemic to China.The study of its intestinal fungal diversity is an important part of its ex situ conservation.We quantified the diversity of intestinal fungi of wild and captive North-Chinese leopards by analyzing 24 fecal samples of wild leopards and 7 fecal samples of captive leopards.Using 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.We recorded Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Mucoromycota,Chytridiomycota and Rastocostocota as dominant intestinal fungi.Zoopagomycota was detected only in wild leopard faeces.At phylum level,the Mucoromycota were more abundant in captive leopards than in wild leopards(P=0.0085).At class level,the Saccharomycetes were more abundant among captive leopards than among wild leopards(P=0.0016).Differences in the diversity of the intestinal fungi between captive and wild leopard may be associated with simpler foods provided to captive leopards.