圈养黑猩猩冬季日活动时间分配及行为节律

Time Budget and Behavioral Rhythm of Captive Pan troglodytes in Winter

2017年12月至2018年2月,采用瞬时扫描法和焦点动物取样法对杭州动物园5只黑猩猩冬季的日活动时间分配及行为节律进行研究。结果表明,成年雌雄黑猩猩的活动以休息行为为主,占比一半左右,而青年雄性黑猩猩以休息行为(36.46%)和移动行为(34.72%)为主。成年雌雄黑猩猩的移动行为(χ^2=8.179,P=0.004)和理毛行为(χ^2=10.9,P=0.001)存在显著性差异,休息行为(χ^2=19.507,P<0.001)存在极显著差异。成年和青年雄性黑猩猩的移动行为(χ^2=53.595,P<0.001)、休息行为(χ^2=13.051,P<0.001)、玩耍行为(χ^2=18.769,P<0.001)和理毛行为(χ^2=19.073,P<0.001)均存在极显著差异。成年雌雄黑猩猩的觅食行为随时间变化的规律相似,而青年雄性黑猩猩的觅食行为比成年黑猩猩多一个峰值,取食时间晚于成年黑猩猩。成年雌性、成年雄性和青年雄性黑猩猩的理毛行为在10:30—11:30均出现高峰。

We studied the time budget and behavioral rhythm of 5 chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)at Hangzhou Zoo using instantaneous scanning and focal sampling from December 2017 to February 2018(winter).Resting was the main activity of adult females and males,accounting for about fifty percent,while resting(36.46%)and moving(34.72%)were the main activities of young males.There were significant differences in moving(χ^2=8.179,P=0.004)and grooming(χ^2=10.9,P=0.001)between adult male and female chimpanzees,and extremely significant differences in resting(χ^2=19.507,P<0.001).There were extremely significant differences in moving(χ^2=53.595,P<0.001),resting(χ^2=13.051,P<0.001),playing(χ^2=18.769,P<0.001)and grooming(χ^2=19.073,P<0.001)between adult and young males.The feeding of adult females and males changed similarly with time,while the feeding of young males showed one more peak than that of adult chimps,and the feeding time was later than that of adult chimps.Grooming behavior peaked between 10:30 and 11:30 in adult females,adult males,and young males.