上海动物园天鹅湖岛屿丰容对游禽空间分布的影响

Impacts of Island Enrichment on the Spatial Distribution of Waterfowl at Swan Lake,Shanghai Zoo

2015年1—5月,对上海动物园西天鹅湖中的岛屿进行丰容改造,采用定点观察和瞬时扫描相结合的方法,比较丰容前、丰容后天鹅湖中天鹅类和雁类的空间分布特征和丰容有效性。结果表明:开展岛屿丰容后,天鹅类的活动范围均有所减少,由(5671.7±967.1)m^2减少为(3756±1003.7)m^2,但无显著差异(one-way ANOVA,F=5.667,P=0.076);雁类的活动范围亦减小,由(4034±882.4)m^2减少为(3874.7±1454.1)m^2,无显著差异(one-way ANOVA,F=0.026,P=0.879)。丰容前后水鸟的空间分布发生变化,丰容前主要集中于D岛及投食点周边区域,丰容后水鸟向北移动,分布于半岛和C岛区域,岛屿丰容丰富了天鹅湖的环境资源,减少了物种之间的竞争。

From January to May,2015,we enriched habitats on the islands of Swan Lake at Shanghai Zoo to improve the resource diversity.We record the spatial locations of swans and geese using site observation and instantaneous scanning methods to assess the effectiveness of habitat enrichment.The movement area of swans decreased after enrichment from(5671.7±967.1)m^2 to(3756±1003.7)m^2 without significant difference(one way ANOVA,F=5.667,P=0.076).The movement area of geese decreased from(4034±882.4)m^2 to(3874.7±1454.1)m^2 without significant difference(one-way ANOVA,F=0.026,P=0.879).The spatial distribution and feeding site of waterfowl changed from D island to half island and C island after enrichment.Island enrichment diversified the environment resources and reduced levels of interspecific competition.