鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区的保护与法制管理实证分析

An Empirical Analysis of Protection and Law Management in the National Nature Reserve of the Nanji Wetland in Poyang Lake

南矶湿地是江西省面积最大的湿地,对江西省的生态调节具有极大的影响。本文旨在通过分析鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区呈现出的保护问题,全面探求其深层次的制度和法律管理办法,提出多层面的解决措施,为南矶湿地保护提供法律上的依据。课题组对南矶湿地保护区管理局的管理、技术、饲养、野外作业人员等21名工作人员召开访谈会和进行问卷调查,分析了保护区工作人员基本信息、保护区的主要人为干扰、湿地保护法律法规及相关规章制度适用情况。结果表明:鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区受教育水平和整体管理水平较高,但仍存在一定的问题,如保护区经费预算不足,湿地的人为干扰较严重等。分析认为:可通过对立法的完善以及管理制度的改进对当前问题进行解决,如引进高水平人才,增加资金投入,设立专门的纠纷协调机构,建议加快全国性的湿地立法。

Nanji Wetland is the largest wetland in Jiangxi Province and it influences the ecology of Jiangxi Province.We aimed to analyze protection problems of Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake,describe its institutional and legal management,and offer recommendations to provide a legal basis for enhanced protection.Our research group held an interview meeting and carried out a questionnaire survey of 21 staff members of Nanji Wetland Protection Bureau.The questionnaire addressed issues including the management,technology,feeding and field operation staff.We analyzed basic information on the staff of the reserve,the main human interferences in the reserve,and the application of wetland protection laws and regulations.The results showed that the level of education and overall quality of management were relatively high.But there remained some problems,such as insufficient funding of the reserve and intense human disturbance of the wetland.Our analysis suggested that the current problems can be solved through the improvement of the legislation and management systems.We recommend introducing high-level talent,increasing capital investment,setting up special dispute coordination institutions,and accelerating enactment of national wetland legislation.