草原补奖政策下牧户是否超载?谁在超载及影响因素——以内蒙古为例

Are Herdsmen Overloaded? Who is Overloading and Its Influencing Factors under the Grassland Supplementary Award Policy—A case of Inner Mongolia

本文以内蒙古自治区草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原、沙地草原、草原化荒漠草地的15个旗县791户牧户为调查样本,以可持续生计资本为视角,通过建立二元Logit模型和多元线性回归模型,分析第一轮草原生态补奖政策实施期结束后,牧民草场是否超载?超载牧户的特征是什么?超载的程度如何?调查结果表明:内蒙古自治区第一轮草原生态补奖政策实施结束后牧户草场超载率平均值为44.70%;牧户草场超载率与草场经营规模呈负向相关关系,其超载率由高到低依次为小牧户>中牧户>大牧户;牧户草场超载率与畜牧业生产依赖程度呈负向相关关系,其超载率由高到低依次为纯牧户>兼牧户>非牧户;草场经营面积、冬季牲畜和固定资产数量成为影响牧户草场超载行为的关键生计指标,牧户草场经营面积对其呈显著负向影响,冬季家畜和固定资产数量对其呈显著正向影响。综上,第一轮草原生态补奖政策实施结束后牧户草场超载现象依然存在,超载率与草场资源占有率呈负向关系,与其对草原的依赖程度呈正向关系。

In this paper,we used meadow steppe,typical steppe,desert grassland,sandy grassland,grassland,desert of 15 flag county including 791 herds of Inner Mongolia autonomous region as sample,in the perspective of sustainable livelihood capital,through the establishment of binary Logit model and multiple linear regression model,to answer the first round of grassland ecology repair award after the policy effective date,pastoral grassland overload?What are the characteristics of overloaded herders?How much is the overload?In order to improve the grassland ecological compensation policy recommendations to promote the sustainable development of pastoral areas.The results showed that,after the implementation of the first round of grassland ecological compensation policy,the average overloading rate is 44.70%.The overloading rate presents a zonal law of gradual increase with the gradual decrease of grassland productivity from east to west.There is a negative correlation between the overloading rate of pasture and the operating scale of pasture,and the sequence from high to low is small,medium and large.The operating area of pasture,the number of livestock and fixed assets in winter are the key livelihood indexes that affect the overloading behavior and overloading degree of pasture.The operating area of pasture has a significant negative impact on the overloading behavior and overloading degree of pasture.To sum up,after the implementation of the first round of grassland ecological compensation policy,herdsmen's grassland overload still exists.The overload rate has a negative relationship with the grassland resource occupancy rate,and a positive relationship with their dependence on grassland.