套种大豆对茶园化肥需求量的影响

Effect of Interplanting Soybean on Fertilizer Demand in Tea Garden

【目的】通过在湖北、福建、广东三地茶园开展套种大豆试验,研究套种大豆对茶园化肥需求量的影响,为茶园化肥减施增效和跨地域推广"茶—豆"套种技术提供理论依据。【方法】以湖北、福建、广东茶园为试验平台,分别设置常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥量×70%(T1)和常规施肥量×70%+套种大豆(T2)3个处理,测定不同处理下土壤养分、土壤酶活性、茶叶产量和品质成分含量。【结果】套种大豆较常规施肥处理土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质分别增加10.90%~25.62%,18.89%~27.05%,13.72%~25.28%和7.00%~47.54%;土壤全磷和全钾含量较CK处理降低7.32%~27.68%和14.72%~33.99%;脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和硝酸还原酶活性较常规施肥处理分别增加13.46%~17.25%,5.58%~49.75%,7.44%~18.29%,4.38%~67.62%和32.55%~169.96%,均达到显著水平;鲜叶中茶多酚含量较常规施肥处理降低4.09%~12.71%,氨基酸含量较常规施肥处理升高8.66%~15.00%,水浸出物含量差异不显著。【结论】套种大豆增加土壤酶活性的同时,促进了土壤有效养分的转化率,提高了茶树对土壤养分利用率,改善了茶叶品质,可减少茶园化肥30%施肥量。

【Objective】The experiment was carried out in Hubei,Fujian and Guangdong and studied the effect of soybean interplanting on the demand of chemical fertilizer in tea plantations to provide the theoretical basis of supporting systematic application of nitrogen fertilizer and‘tea-bean’interplanting technology in tea plantation.【Method】Taking Hubei,Fujian and Guangdong tea gardens as experimental platforms,three treatments under conventional fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization amount×70%(T1)and conventional fertilization amount×70%+interplanting soybean(T2)were investigated,and the soil nutrient,soil enzyme activity,tea yield and tea component content under different treatments were determined.【Result】The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter increased by 10.90%-25.62%,18.89%-27.05%,13.72%-25.28%and 7.00%-47.54%,respectively.The contents of total phosphorus and potassium in soil decreased by 7.32%-27.68%and 14.72%-33.99%compared with CK.The activities of urease,invertase,acid phosphatase,catalase and nitrate reductase increased by 13.46%-17.25%,5.58%-49.75%,7.44%-18.29%,4.38%-67.62%and 32.55%-169.96%,respectively,which all reached significant difference.The content of tea polyphenols in fresh leaves was 4.09%-12.71%lower than that in conventional fertilization,and the content of amino acids was 8.66%-15.00%higher than that in conventional fertilization.There were no significant differences in water extract content among different treatments.【Conclusion】Interplanting soybean not only increases soil enzyme activity,but also promotes the conversion rate of soil available nutrients and improves the utilization rate of soil nutrients of tea trees,which reduce the amount of fertilizer applied to the soil of tea garden by 30%.