宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄基地建设对土壤风蚀的影响

Effects of Construction of Grapevine Land in Helan Mountain in Ningxia on Its Soil Wind Erosion

【目的】本文开展了葡萄林地风蚀监测研究。【方法】以宁夏贺兰山东麓的绿洲荒漠交错带上的葡萄园产区为典型研究区,采用野外调查和室内试验分析手段,以周边其它立地类型为对照,探讨葡萄园产区对土壤风蚀的影响。【结果】通过2016和2017年的观测分析表明:各立地类型中风蚀主要发生在4-6月,风蚀葡萄新开地﹥1年葡萄基地﹥3年葡萄基地﹥荒漠草原﹥9年葡萄基地。在酿酒葡萄基地建设前期及1~3年内,秋覆土春放苗过程中,风蚀量明显较大,以春季最严重。耕种8~9年后,防护林基本完善,风蚀量明显减少。【结论】葡萄基地建设时间越久,地表风蚀越小,同时提出了雨前耕作、耕后灌溉可形成土壤物理结皮,以及种植绿肥绿化、增加物理覆盖、完善防护林体系等减少风蚀发生。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the wind erosion monitoring of grape forest land.【Method】The vineyard production area on the oasis and desert interlaced zone of Helan mountain in Ningxia was used as tested area,and field investigations and laboratory tests were used to analyze the effects of vineyard production areas on soil wind erosion by using other site types as controls.【Result】Through the observations of 2016 and 2017,it was shown that wind erosion mainly occurred in April-June in various site types,and the newly opened land of wind erosion grapes>1 year grape base>3 years grape base>grassland>9 years grape base.In the early stage of the construction of the wine grape base and in the period of 1 year to 3 years,the amount of wind erosion was significantly greater during the spring planting of the autumn soil,which was the most serious in spring.After 8-9 years of cultivation,the protection forest was basically perfect,and the amount of wind erosion was obviously reduced.【Conclusion】The longer the construction time of the grape base was,the smaller the surface wind erosion was.At the same time,it was proposed that the tillage before the rain,the irrigation after the tillage could form the soil physical crust,and the green manure greening,Increase physical coverage and improve shelter forest systems to reduce wind erosion.