2179例眼科门诊患儿血清过敏原检测结果及分析

Detection and analysis of serum allergens in 2179 outpatients of ophthalmology

目的:了解武汉儿童医院眼科门诊患儿过敏原筛查及检出情况,为眼科门诊患儿过敏临床诊疗及流行病学防治提供统计学依据。方法:回顾性分析在武汉儿童医院就诊的眼科门诊行过敏原筛查的患儿,共纳入2 179例,按照年龄、性别、检测时间进行分组,比较不同组别过敏原分布情况。结果:2 179例患儿中,共检出1 406例阳性,总体阳性率为64.53%,其中吸入性过敏原总阳性率为52.41%,食入性过敏原总阳性率为35.75%(同一患儿存在多重过敏原)。吸入性过敏原中狗毛阳性率最高(26.11%),其次为螨(24.83%)、猫毛(10.92%)、霉菌组合(8.77%)、榆树(5.00%)、梧桐(5.00%)。食入性过敏源中牛奶阳性率最高(14.55%),其次为鸡蛋(12.62%)、大豆(10.74%)、蟹(6.42%)、花生(4.50%)。不同性别患儿总体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄段患儿螨、霉菌组合、狗毛、猫毛、牛奶和虾阳性检出率以及不同季节狗毛、牛奶检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:眼科门诊患儿中,狗毛、螨、猫毛、牛奶、鸡蛋、大豆是主要的变应原。不同年龄段、不同季节的患儿致病变应原有所不同。明确本地区眼科门诊患儿变应原及特点、变化趋势,有利于针对变应性疾病获取有效资料和采取预防措施。

Objective:To understand the screening and detection of allergens in children at the ophthalmic clinic of Wuhan Children’s Hospital,and to provide statistical basis for clinical diagnosis,treatment and epidemiological prevention of allergens in children in ophthalmic clinic.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made of 2 179 children who were screened for allergens at the ophthalmic clinics of Wuhan Children’s Hospital.The children were grouped according to age,sex and detection time,and the distribution of allergens in different groups was compared.Results:A total of 1 406 positive children were detected in 2 179 cases.The overall positive rate was 64.53%.The total positive rate of inhalation was 52.41%.The total positive rate of ingestion was 35.75%.The highest positive rate of inhalation allergens was dog hair(26.10%).The next was mite(24.83%),cat hair(10.92%),mold combination(8.77%),elm tree(5.00%),and Chinese parasol(5.00%).The highest positive rate of ingestion was milk(14.55%),followed by eggs(12.62%),soybeans(10.74%),crabs(6.42%),and peanuts(4.50%).There was no significant difference in overall positive rate among children of different gender.The positive rate of mites,dog hair,cat hair and milk among children of different ages,and the positive rate of dog hair and milk in different seasons were significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion:Dog hair,mite,cat hair,milk,eggs and soybean are the main allergens in ophthalmic outpatients.Pathogenic allergens are different in children of different ages and in different seasons.To clarify the allergens,characteristics and changing trends of children in ophthalmic outpatients in this region is helpful for obtaining effective information and taking preventive measures for allergic diseases.