汉藏不同语境中的“打箭炉”地名的由来及文化整合

Origins of Tachienlu in Chinese and Tibetan Linguistic Contexts and Their Cultural Blending

"打箭炉"是康定的旧称,明代史书曾作"打煎炉""打折卢",清代才逐渐定名为"打箭炉",亦简称"炉城"。在汉文化语境中,"打箭炉"之名的来源大致有安炉铸箭、"借一箭之地"、郭达打箭淬火之地、歇足"打尖"之地四种说法,在藏文化语境中,"打箭炉"被认为是来自藏语(康方言)"打折多""达折多""达折朵""达渚多"或"打折渚"的变音和雅化,字面的意思多达七种。康巴藏区复杂的语言系统,加上汉藏文字的互译,使"打箭炉"这个地名呈现出语义的复杂性,而"打箭炉"地名的变迁与确定的过程是汉藏文化整合的过程,是汉藏民族融合、文化互动与交融的见证。

Kangding city, Lu city for short, was formerly called Tachienlu(打箭炉), which was known as Dajianlu(打煎炉) or Dazhelu(打折卢)in the Ming Dynasty, but Tachienlu(打箭炉) in the Qing Dynasty. In Chinese linguistic context, Tachienlu(打箭炉) has four origins, namely, a furnace for making arrows, a place for borrowing arrows, a place found by General Guoda for heating and quenching arrows, and a place for a refreshment in the journey. In Tibetan linguistic context, Tachienlu in Khams dialect, which has seven literal meanings, is an assimilation of Dazheduo(达折多or达折朵), Dazhuduo(达渚多), and Dazhezhu(打折渚). The complexity of linguistic systems in Khams together with blending of Chinese language and Tibetan language diversifies semantic connotations of Tachienlu, which reflects the cultural interaction and fusion between the Han people and the Tibetans.