酿酒酵母培养物替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及盲肠微生物区系的影响

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture Instead of Antibiotics on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Cecal Microflora of Weaned Piglets

本试验旨在研究酿酒酵母培养物替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率以及盲肠微生物区系的影响。试验选用体重相近的28日龄断奶仔猪180头,随机分成3组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮的基础上添加75 g/t金霉素+50 g/t吉他霉素+10 g/t维吉尼亚霉素,酿酒酵母培养物组在基础饲粮的基础上添加5 kg/t的酿酒酵母培养物。试验期38 d。结果显示:1)酿酒酵母培养物组断奶仔猪平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且与抗生素组相比没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。2)酿酒酵母培养物组的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和磷的表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且与抗生素组相比没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物和抗生素对断奶仔猪盲肠微生物多样性均没有显著性影响(P>0.05),但是均可以影响断奶仔猪盲肠微生物的菌群丰度。其中,对照组瘤胃球菌科UCG-005(Ruminococcaceae UCG-005)的相对丰度显著高于抗生素组和酿酒酵母培养物组(P<0.05)。而与对照组相比,饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物显著降低了螺旋体门(Spirochaeates)的相对丰度(P<0.05),而饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物和抗生素均显著降低了克里斯滕森菌科R-7群(Christensenellaceae R-7 group)、大肠埃希菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)和密螺旋体属2(Treponema 2)的相对丰度(P<0.05),饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物组有提高普雷沃氏菌属2(Prevotella 2)(P=0.064)、普雷沃氏菌属7(Prevotella 7)(P=0.058)以及普雷沃氏菌属9(Prevotella 9)(P=0.072)相对丰度的趋势。与抗生素组相比,饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物有提高普雷沃氏菌属7相对丰度的趋势(P=0.072)。与抗生素组和对照组相比,酿酒酵母培养物组四大主菌门的总相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加酿酒酵母培养物能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高养分消化率,改善盲肠微生物的菌群丰度,降低肠道致病菌的丰度,达到与添加抗生素相似的饲喂效果。

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture instead of antibiotics on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and cecal microflora of weaned piglets.A total of 180 weaned piglets with similar body weight of 28-day-old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 15 piglets in each replicate.The piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet,those in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 75 g/t ginmycin+50 g/t guitarmycin+10 g/t virginiamycin,and those in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 5 kg/t Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture.The experiment lasted for 38 days.The results showed as follows:1)the daily weight gain of weaned piglets in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture group and the antibiotic group(P>0.05).2)The apparent digestibility of crude protein,crude fat and phosphorus in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture group and the antibiotic group(P>0.05).3)Compared with the control group,dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and antibiotics had no significant effect on cecum microbial diversity of weaned piglets(P>0.05),but could affect cecum microbial flora abundance of weaned piglets.The Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 relative abundance in the control group was significantly higher than that in the antibiotic group and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture significantly decreased the Spirochaeates relative abundance(P<0.05),dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and antibiotics significantly reduced the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group,Escherichia-Shigella and Treponema 2(P<0.05),and dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture tended to increase the relative abundance of Prevotella 2(P=0.064),Prevotella 7(P=0.058)and Prevotella 9(P=0.072).Compared with the antibiotic group,dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture tended to increase the Prevotella 7 relative abundance(P=0.072).Compared with the antibiotic group and the control group,the total relative abundance of the four main phyla in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture group was significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture can improve the growth performance,reduce the diarrhea rate,improve the nutrient digestibility,improve the abundance of cecum microorganisms,reduce the abundance of intestinal pathogenic bacteria of weaned piglets,and achieve the feeding effect similar to dietary antibiotics.