牛至、香茅、丁香精油化学成分及体外抑菌活性研究

Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils of Origanum,Citronella and Clove in Vitro

采用滤纸片法、肉汤稀释法和点种法研究3种植物精油及其化学成分对5种病原菌的体外抑菌活性。用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)最佳分析条件对化学活性成分进行鉴定,用峰面积归一法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量。结果表明:9.5%的牛至、香茅、丁香精油可将白色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌全部杀灭;4.75%的牛至、香茅、丁香精油可将金黄色葡萄球菌全部杀灭;4.75%牛至、丁香精油可将大肠埃希菌全部杀灭,但香茅精油杀灭浓度相对较弱;3种精油对铜绿假单胞菌的杀灭浓度均大于9.5%;GC-MS结果显示,牛至精油中主要含有双戊烯(33.93%)、百里香酚(19.12%)、4-萜品醇(14.92%)、α-蒎烯(10.87%);丁香精油主要成分为丁香酚(86.54%),1-石竹烯(10.41%);香茅精油主要包括香茅醛(31.38%)、香叶醇(18.43%);植物精油具有广谱的抑菌活性。

The antimicrobial activities of three essential oils and their chemical constituents against five pathogenic bacteria were studied by filter paper method,broth dilution method and dot seed method in vitro.The chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)under the optimum analytical conditions,and the relative percentage of each compound in volatile oil was determined by peak area normalization method.The results showed that 9.5%of the essential oils of oregano,citronella and clove could kill all Staphylococcus albicans and Candida albicans;4.75% of the essential oils of oregano,citronella and clove could kill all Staphylococcus aureus;4.75% of the essential oils of oregano and clove could kill all Escherichia coli,but the killing concentration of citronell was relatively weak;the killing concentration of three essential oils to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was higher than 9.5%.The results of GC-MS showed that the main components of oregano were dipentene(33.93%),thymol(19.12%),4-terpene alcohol(14.92%)andα-pinene(10.87%);The main components of clove were eugenol(86.54%)and 1-caryophyllene(10.41%).Citronella mainly included citronellal(31.38%)and geraniol(18.43%).Plant essential oil had broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.