梅洛-庞蒂驳客观主义及二元论哲学的身体化进路

Merleau-Ponty’s Reflection of Embodiment about Objectivism and Dualism

笛卡尔用怀疑主义的精神将"我思"置于心灵主体的位置,把心灵之外的世界视为对象性的客观存在,在认识进程中笛卡尔力求一种纯粹的"客观主义",而抛弃了感性事物和身体,将精力转向对心灵的强调,实现了认知的"祛身"化和主体的纯思化。梅洛-庞蒂指斥这种客观主义的致思方式和二元论的划分导致了欧洲现代科学在呈现出客观主义表征的同时,却出现了遗忘其自身意义的危机,而克服科学危机的有效途径是通过身体知觉的方式还原世界之所是。科学"客观主义"面向的主观主义和建构主义本质,其寓身化的哲学努力,实现了哲学认知从客观世界的理性思考向共生世界的身体化把握和对象化思维向整体性思维的转变,以及从以心控身原则到身体间性的视野迁移,以"身体间性"取代二元对立,通过活性有机的身体观实现了对机械化的客观主义和二元论哲学的克服,进而恢复被抽象的客观主义致思方式所遗忘的具体而生动的生活意义。

Descartes put the "cogito" in the position of the subject of consciousness with the spirit of skepticism,and regarded the world outside of consciousness as the objective existence. In the process of cognition, Descartes strives for a pure objectivism,abandoning sensitive things and the body, and turned his energy to the emphasis on the mind,which cause the cognition of "removing body" and the pure thought on subject. Merleau-Ponty think that this dualism division led to a objectivism road, and made the science arise a crisis of forgetting its own meaning.In Merleau-Ponty’s opinion,the effective ways to overcome the scientific crisis is restoring world itself by means of body perception.His embodied philosophical efforts have realized the transformation of philosophical cognition from the rational thinking of the objective world to the bodily grasp of the symbiotic world, the transformation from the object thinking to the holistic thinking,and transfer from the principle of heart control to the field of intercorporeité, replaced dualism opposition with intercorporeité.Through the active body, overcome the mechanization of objectivism and dualism philosophy,and recovery specific and vivid life meaning ignored by the abstract objectivism.