数据的财产权构建与归属路径

The Construction and Belonging Choice for Data Property Right

对数据进行绝对权意义上的财产权构建,是大数据时代法律治理模式的应然选择。一方面,数据本身具有独立属性,并且技术的进步使数据价值发生嬗变的同时也足以支持数据排他效力的实现;另一方面,作为资源配置的有效方式,财产权的设权能够为数据产业多种交织利益的厘定提供锚点,以实现权、责、利的明晰,从而释放数据价值,规制数据负外部性效果。在设权的基础上,现阶段个人尚没有条件成为数据财产权主体,数据财产权的构建路径应以企业为中心展开。通过对企业数据财产权"权利-义务"样态的妥当构造,可实现数据资源的最优配置。

Contribution date with property right ought to be the best law govern pattern choice in the era of big data. On the one hand, data has independence of nature. Meanwhile the progress of technology changes the value of data and supports the exclusive effect for data. On the other hand, as an effective way to distribution resource, the property right can give a basement point to determine the complex interest in data industry field, so as to make the right, ability,benefit clarify, releasing data values and regulating the negative externalities of data. On the basis of the empowerment,individuals have no conditions to become the subject of data property rights. And the construction path of data property rights should be centered on enterprises. Through the proper construction of the "rights-obligation"pattern of enterprise data property rights, the optimal allocation of data resources can be realized.