南宁市全血献血者与机采血小板献血者传染性指标检测结果差异性分析

Detection results of infectivity indices between whole blood donors and apheresis platelet donors in Nanning City: a difference analysis

目的比较南宁市全血献血者与机采血小板献血者传染性指标检测结果的差异。方法纳入2016年1月至2018年7月南宁市无偿献血者的血液标本334992份,其中全血标本307825份、机采血小板标本27167份。检测每份样本的血清学5项传染性指标[ALT、HBsAg、抗-梅毒螺旋体(TP)、抗-HCV、抗-HIV],并对HBsAg、抗-TP、抗-HCV、抗-HIV检测合格的标本进行核酸检测。结果334992份血液标本中,不合格标本检出率为1.63%(5445/334992),血清学指标阳性标本检出率为1.50%(5041/3349932),核酸检测阳性率为0.12%(404/331703)。307825份全血标本中,不合格标本检出率为1.75%(55375/307825),血清学指标阳性标本检出率为1.62%(4990/307825),核酸检测阳性率为0.13%(385/304574);各血清学指标阳性检出率高低依次为ALT>HBsAg>抗-TP>抗-HCV>抗-HIV。27167份机采血小板标本中,不合格标本检出率为0.26%(70/27167),血清学指标阳性标本检出率为0.19%(51/27167),核酸检测阳性率为0.07%(19/27129);各血清学指标阳性检出率高低依次为HBsAg>ALT>抗-TP>抗-HIV>抗-HCV。全血标本血清学指标阳性检出率、核酸阳性检出率、不合格标本检出率均高于机采血小板标本(均P<0.05)。结论南宁市全血标本血清学5项传染性指标阳性检出率、核酸阳性检出率均高于机采血小板标本,全血标本的血清学阳性检出率还有很大的下降空间。

Objective To compare the detection results of infectivity indices between whole blood donors and apheresis platelet donors in Nanning City.Methods A total of 334992 blood samples were collected from voluntary blood donors in Nanning City from January 2016 to July 2018,including 307825 whole blood samples and27167 apheresis platelet samples.Serological test was performed in each sample for five infectivity indices[ALT,HBsAg,anti-Treponema pallidum(TP),anti-HCV and anti-HIV],and the qualified samples in the detection of HBsAg,anti-TP,anti-HCV and anti-HIV received nucleic acid testing.Results Among 334992 blood samples,the detection rate for unqualified samples and samples with serological indices positive were 1.63%(5445/334992)and1.50%(5041/3349932),respectively,and the positive rate of nucleic acid testing was 0.12%(404/331703).Among 307825 whole blood samples,the detection rate for unqualified samples and samples with serological indices positive were 1.75%(55375/307825)and 1.62%(4990/307825),and the positive rate of nucleic acid testing was 0.13%(385/304574);in terms of the detection rate for serological index positive,ALT,HBsAg,anti-TP,anti-HCV and anti-HIV decreased in turn.Among 27167 apheresis platelet samples,the detection rate for unqualified samples and samples with serological indices positive were 0.26%(70/27167)and 0.19%(51/27167)respectively,and the positive rate of nucleic acid testing was 0.07%(19/27129);in terms of the detection rate for serological index positive,HBsAg,ALT,anti-TP,anti-HIV and anti-HCV decreased in turn.The whole blood samples exhibited higher detection rates for serological indices positive,nucleic acid positive and unqualified samples as compared with the apheresis platelet samples(all P<0.05).Conclusion In Nanning City,the whole blood samples process higher detection rates for serological five infectivity indices positive and nucleic acid positive compared with the apheresis platelet samples;therefore,there is still much room for decline in detection rate for serological indices positive.